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Ҝ? @4\ Z Z H4@!: Ҽ@_-@ BH4@! ?4@4T JK?I7?Q4&&8G&F@4|Y!!04Kg:@(!K?Q@44|_@_@H_@ @ӳ6|? H@>EӚ =Ҝ_U@]H b&K?Q174|K>K?!K?K?K? @O?B?4 CX  @ @4?Ku;Ks; k?Ku:qKs:y k?Ku=Ks= k?k?o%kkkkkkkkkkkkk7D7%7 44# 7g41Z 7z4A7 @@07d4QZ 7z4a4?4 ?!7W5Z7W4 4T2Ka?7y4_4:@ &ZW 14?5YWy7;W97;7;4^ 4 5@]"WA"4Z7;7 B7y5W7;W7;7W4 42Ka?7y5A_4:@ %:W4?W!7;@7; 4W!V4Z7;7 A4VU4!j+Kw: 5?`'6(@Kb: 5)4LP4KH4M,@(4NH7?y#7(W 4h7z71Z @7Z 7z7A(7`)Kk:5c5e5jP)5kX)K:4 0G  j)ˀ`KY4_7z5" # & "W4?Kv9#Ky:#x4$4W4k|: (4  #*_e7z6qWA4R5zZ 77W]5z`27y64W4, $W4?4 27y64W4* $bW4?_7447?_7y6_557_447_e447_E55 7_%57 P54W5 (7 #Z_}7z7!WY44+a04)5:5W5Kw:@ J ϟ8KYϟ &ϟ &_7z57y614W 4$V474W m47y6a4W M4_ϟp 4 kj9+a43 ks:4$+`04&@ Vm404Ku:@f *744k>!7H4@#+a` @ "_,2K73 H6@!.k> 58525=k>)7?!4 `4rKQ' 4.@&PM/K1k>4J"  "Ta2@4f 90"7=' 'D1 80N0N10 ' 8G'E? " RPO4f4d 6"R7= R$Y00N8D$@D @ "4?7= 2$(00N8D8W$0G 0 _ ` "0V5 6@Z`R5V"7 5  `7?_ V4%J7=4 &&8Gx' F@ 7z7Qȼ4AK>) 85 4 җ6?7E4? +@ 7z7qȼ4@ 7z7ȼ4T *H "@04 "x " XK:K ? "G4]7?S`"K 6RK؃ ?w "KK>?W "+aV4:@_- "V  <44? 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(0 8CHveBS h0?HvK?YK?@O?KuLESSBINFMTLESSCHARSETLESSCHARDEFLC_ALLLC_CTYPELANGUTF-8%cESC^%c?LESSSEPARATOR/Non-match First-file EOF-ignore Keep-pos Regex-off /?_-(P)+!!done|doneThere is no --%s optionless %sungetcc overflowPattern not found:%s@/\less/\help/\file/\@Command not availableExamine: Cannot edit standard inputCannot edit file processed with LESSOPEN(N-th) No %snext fileNo %sprevious fileNo such filemark: goto mark: |mark: Brackets: LESSKEY_SYSTEM/opt/less/bin/.syslessLESSKEY.lessWarning: some commands disabledWarning: some edit commands disabledWarning: environment variables from lesskey file unavailableCannot use lesskey file "%s"-@/\less/\help/\file/\@%s"%s" may be a binary file. See it anyway? Missing filename ("less --help" for help)Warning: "%s" exists; Overwrite, Append or Don't log? Overwrite, Append, or Don't log? (Type "O", "A", "D" or "q") Cannot write to "%s"%s%s%s/HOME%s*LESSMETAESCAPE\LESSMETACHARS; '"()<>|&^`\SHELL%s -c "%s"%s -c %srLESSECHOlessecho%s -p0x%x -d0x%x -- %sLESSOPEN-LESSCLOSE...skipping... SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N. Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given. h H Display this help. q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- MMOOVVIINNGG e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines). y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines). f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines). b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines). z * Forward one window (and set window to _N). w * Backward one window (and set window to _N). ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file. d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N). ESC-( RightArrow * Left 8 character positions (or _N positions). ESC-) LeftArrow * Right 8 character positions (or _N positions). F Forward forever; like "tail -f". r ^R ^L Repaint screen. R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. --------------------------------------------------- Default "window" is the screen height. Default "half-window" is half of the screen height. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line. ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line. n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence). N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting. --------------------------------------------------- Search patterns may be modified by one or more of: ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines. ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE). ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?). ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position). ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- JJUUMMPPIINNGG g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N). G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N). p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file). { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ]. } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [. ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>. ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_> --------------------------------------------------- Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line. Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line. m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current position with . '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position. '' Go to the previous position. ^X^X Same as '. --------------------------------------------------- A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter. Certain marks are predefined: ^ means beginning of the file $ means end of the file --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file. ^X^V Same as :e. :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line. :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line. :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line. :d Delete the current file from the command line list. = ^G :f Print current file name. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below]. --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name. __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option. ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name. +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL. |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command. v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR. V Print version number of "less". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- OOPPTTIIOONNSS Most options may be changed either on the command line, or from within less by using the - or -- command. Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single character preceded by a -, or a name preceeded by --. -? ........ --help Display help (from command line). -a ........ --search-skip-screen Forward search skips current screen. -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N] Number of buffers. -B ........ --auto-buffers Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. -c -C .... --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN Repaint by scrolling/clearing. -d ........ --dumb Dumb terminal. -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF Quit at end of file. -f ........ --force Force open non-regular files. -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen Quit if entire file fits on first screen. -g ........ --hilite-search Highlight only last match for searches. -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH Don't highlight any matches for searches. -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N] Backward scroll limit. -i ........ --ignore-case Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE Ignore case in all searches. -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N] Screen position of target lines. -J ........ --status-column Display a status column at left edge of screen. -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e] Use a lesskey file. -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT Set prompt style. -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS Use line numbers. -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e] Copy to log file (standard input only). -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e] Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] Start at pattern (from command line). -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t] Define new prompt. -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT Quiet the terminal bell. -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS Output "raw" control characters. -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines Squeeze multiple blank lines. -S ........ --chop-long-lines Chop long lines. -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g] Find a tag. -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] Use an alternate tags file. -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL Change handling of backspaces. -V ........ --version Display the version number of "less". -w ........ --hilite-unread Highlight first new line after forward-screen. -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD Highlight first new line after any forward movement. -x [_N] .... --tabs=[_N] Set tab stops. -X ........ --no-init Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N] Forward scroll limit. -z [_N] .... --window=[_N] Set size of window. -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]] Set shell quote characters. -~ ........ --tilde Don't display tildes after end of file. -# [_N] .... --shift=[_N] Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG These keys can be used to edit text being entered on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen. RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character. LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character. CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word. CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word. HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line. END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line. BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor. DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor. CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor. CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor. CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line. UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line. DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line. TAB Complete filename & cycle. SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle. CNTL-L Complete filename, list all. *iCannot seek to end of fileCannot seek to beginning of fileCannot seek to line number %dDetermining length of fileDon't know length of fileCannot seek to that file positionLESSANSIENDCHARSm%*d~ Calculating line numbers! /dev/ttySHELL%s -c "%s"%s -c %ssh (press RETURN)Cannot seek to start positionwCannot create pipeInvalid mark letterCannot seek to end of fileMark not setMark not in current filelog file support is not availableInput is not a pipeLog file is already in useNo log fileLog file "%s"Line number is required after -lCannot use lesskey file "%s"tags support is not availableTags file "%s"/%sless Copyright (C) 2000 Mark Nudelman less comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. For information about the terms of redistribution, see the file named README in the less distribution. -" must be followed by 1 or 2 charsquotes %sUse "h" for helpThe %s option should not be followed by =%s is an ambiguous abbreviation ("less --help" for help)There is no %s option ("less --help" for help)There is no %s optionCannot change the %s optionCannot query the %s optionCannot use "-+" or "--" for a string optionCan't use "-!" for a numeric option-%sValue is required after %sNumber is required after %ssearch-skip-screenbuffersauto-buffersclear-screendumbquit-at-eofforcequit-if-one-screenhilite-searchmax-back-scrollignore-casejump-targetstatus-columnlesskey-filelong-promptline-numberslog-fileLOG-FILEpatternpromptsilentquietraw-control-charssqueeze-blank-lineschop-long-linestagtag-fileunderline-specialversionhilite-unreadtabsno-initmax-forw-scrollwindowquotestildehelpshiftHorizontal shift %d positionsHorizontal shift: Show tildes after end of fileDon't show tildes after end of filequotes: Scroll window size is %d linesScroll window size: Forward scroll limit is %d linesForward scroll limit: Don't use init/deinit stringsSend init/deinit strings to terminalTab stops every %d spacesTab stops: Highlight first unread line after any forward movementHighlight first unread line after forward-screenDon't highlight first unread linePrint backspace as ^HBackspaces cause overstrikeDisplay underlined text in underline modetags file: tag: Chop long linesFold long linesSqueeze multiple blank linesDisplay all blank linesDisplay control characters directly, processing ANSI sequencesDisplay control characters directlyDisplay control characters as ^XNever ring the bellRing the bell for errors but not at eof/bofRing the bell for errors AND at eof/bofprompt: Log file: log file: Constantly display line numbersUse line numbersDon't use line numbersLong promptMedium promptShort promptDisplay a status columnDon't display a status columnPosition target at screen line %dTarget line: Ignore case in searches and in patternsIgnore case in searchesCase is significant in searchesBackwards scroll limit is %d linesBackwards scroll limit: Highlight all matches for previous search patternHighlight matches for previous search onlyDon't highlight search matchesQuit if end-of-file on first screenDon't quit if end-of-file on first screenOpen even non-regular filesOpen only regular filesQuit immediately at end-of-fileQuit at end-of-fileDon't quit at end-of-fileAssume dumb terminalAssume intelligent terminalRepaint by painting from top of screenRepaint by clearing each lineRepaint by scrolling from bottom of screenAutomatically allocate buffers when neededDon't automatically allocate buffers%d buffersBuffers: Search skips displayed screenSearch includes displayed screen%s: %sQQ?n?f%f .?m(File %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x..%t?n?f%f .?m(File %i of %m) ..?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x.:?pB%pB\%:Byte %bB?s/%s...%t?f%f .?n?m(File %i of %m) ..?ltLines %lt-%lb?L/%L. :Byte %bB?s/%s. .?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x.:?pB%pB\%..%t?f%f .?m(File %i of %m) .?ltLines %lt-%lb?L/%L. .Byte %bB?s/%s. ?e(END) :?pB%pB\%..%tHELP -- ?eEND -- Press g to see it again:Press RETURN for more., or q when done%ld%d?-No previous regular expressionInvalid patternPlease re-enter search patternNothing to searchLine numbers turned offtagsrNo tags fileNo such tag in tags fileTag not found/dev/ttyngsmchtpoximbdwbsosenxmacnbxadzhtxsxsnshsboenimkluOFhk7kosceCk3KsilkekVFHk;k5F1rtkrcmmkFffdeasRFLFELCC8l6F4F2k1KumsusaprodmFlaitfsetdncsbmZFSkPUMkJFFSDkCFAk9k8F6l5k4k3l2r2K1k0lwnuhtbspsdrmqFpiomnpmdlmlckpiwiFhFfpevemeadkdFcpcFbFakXFTkRkPkOpNkMCLAIRGFFFEFDFCICDBFAF9l9F8k7l7F6k5l5K4l4K3r3k3F2l2i2F1l1i1F0kxpvcuktstcsvstsksfscrsrkrFpupmpFopohoFnFmimclpllldlblFkmjFiviehmhcgFfrfifFeueseleceFdmdhdccucrcicdbvbkatalaFYFWFUFTFSFRSQFPiPFOLODNFMFLkLDKFIkIFHFFkFLEkptoXptptptltnoptptnmptmptn ptptjPiptptptptptptptplo8nop(ptptptptptptptptptptptptptptptptm`ptptptptptptptptptptptptptnptptptptkipXptmptl|ptptl$nTptptlptptl8p0ptptptptptptmnptolmPllllllmmm0?zGd? ??*,X,.|@..X.......2@X2x4444 4 4444440444448484<5 555 5<5@7t7x; 8; ; 8;;;;;<<<4<8$>(>4>8>T>X@@@@A4AEEHEEEEFFF|FG G@H`HHHIDIhIIIJKKMMRSS S(STSXSSTpTxTTUXU`UUUUUUUUV,V8VhVpVVVVVVWW WhWpX,X0X`XhXXXXYYY@YHYtYYYYYZZ [l[^^_$_@__````aabHbPbbcccc@ccddee eef8fXffffggh@hHhPhXi ijXjkkllmmmmmnnnnno oo`ohoopPpXppqqrhrps<s@ssttuu uPuXvv vvwwww(wwxxxx~L~P~~ ,0(LPHPX`h08 LP<@ 08@Hdp LPpx48PX|DHdh8@xdhPX (0P”°0PX`PpɨɰDHlpʹδθTXИР$(hp<@\h҄ҐҸ(0hpӀӈӌӐӠӨӸd hPXDHLP݄݈x߀TXtx@HHP08\h`08@Hdh$@Hh0Xx@`t0|8@       @ H |        X ` T X  h ``hlp08T!Xd4@PX (LP|pxDHtx"L"P&&''*@*H, , ,<,H,-......//001182 2282X233D3P334t4x5X5`6x666777<7@8d8h::==>>?D?`??@@0@x@@A0BC E PEFDFHGGGGGGHXH`H HI II II II II II II IJ JJ JJ  J$J0 J4J@ JDJP JTJ` JdJp JtJ JJ JJ JJ JJ JJ JK K KP KTK KK KL (L(L LL LL LL LL LL LM MM MM$ M(M4 M8MD MHMT MXM(M](]^(^^(^`(`` `` a fd(Xfhh`(Xhh(ho(0op(0pp pq(qq(qr(rr(sspst,t0txtt2H 2` A8 AP E E F G Hh IP J R [p _( c( c f@ j` l n  `    8 ˜  8  X h ( P    `  H      p h   p , 1 2@ ?H ? @ A B ^ ` hh r sx t @!$Revision: 92453-07 linker linker crt0.o B.11.17 000322 $/usr/lib/dld.slERROR: mmap failed for dldERROR: mmap failed for TSD@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!@!ytydy`yLyDxxxxxxxxxx@x""@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @4@4@4@4 e j    ky ( JKYdu f    bv z!w" (F2R r u'g <<p%[)]*())* * ){{}}{}(())()[[]][]#$G>> P30123456789=:f/?/*?*n+n,N-N.m'E :e  :n:p:x&:d4-/:ttso_|%v !+ Hh VqQ:q:QZZ    l h b  w  i x X      0  $  k  j  is a directory is not a regular file (use -f to see it)@8@8 ,<LXht@ $4<DLTa@@EL@ b@ @D@!B@@Dc@@Dh@d@A@DP$ e@@Df@@EF@@D\8g@@Dh@@Exi@@EH@!X@j@@DTJ@!@E<k@H@!lH@!m@@EDn@"@E4hT4o@@"(O@@" p@H@"P@@"q@(@Dr@0"@E@` s@8!@E(S@@!@E$t@H@""T@P@"*u@X"@E0lTV@`@"2w@h"@E0x@p$@E,X@xA@DtTy@@E<z@@D"@@":~@!@E8?@@"B#@@D|\@6 (press RETURN)... (interrupt to abort)p@"J@"R@"Z@"J@"R@"Z@"R358unknownTERMunknownTERMINFOSorry, TERMINFO pathname for device exceeds 512 characters /usr/share/lib/terminfo/a/Sorry, TERM name for device exceeds 512 characters /usr/share/lib/terminfo/./usr/share/lib/terminfo/.No such terminal: calloc corrupted term entry term entry too long callocLINESCOLUMNSnull argbad char after %3bad char after %2bad parm numbermissing closing quotemissing closing bracebad % sequenceno matching ENDIF5MoS7) unknownPackaged for USG UNIX 6.0, 3/6/83@"b@x@"jOOPS@0@G@(J1 A˜`,[B[nE0hhAhA[p182`E,^BC`F8jHphB2@`j`XsxEjxAPxIPG(Gaf@l_(Hhh2HRpc(c(PH`?H?@tr@D @`@h@p@X`hT@D8@D4@D,@D0less/less-RUN/opt/less/bin/lessecho010075500000000000003000000400000717240260300160370ustar000300000000000000@@@XGs((@0  92453-07B11.179 92453-07B11.168٪*@X"WWLX  @H@HtX! xxX $4X 8%5X H(P8PX I(8X X(8(>(0@`>(0@<>( 0@P>(0@h>(&1 P@ P >('1p(@p(>((1@>(R@0Y (? 0@ $PRIVATE$$DLT$$PLT$ $SHLIB_DATA$$TEXT$ $SHLIB_INFO$ $DATA_START$ $MILLICODE$$CODE$$LIT$$UNWIND_START$$UNWIND$MILLICODE$$UNWIND$ $UNWIND_END$$RECOVER_START$$RECOVER$MILLICODE$ $RECOVER$ $RECOVER_END$ $PFA_COUNTER$$PFA_COUNTER_END$$DATA$ $SHORTDATA$$GLOBAL$ $SHORTBSS$$BSS$ $GDB_DEBUG$ $GDB_SYMBOLS$ $GDB_STRINGS$yD/d 7p 4p(OH)˚v8v;Ahů!x!xry 4g6mTsmT'6 ƿ/5z˚v8vhů;An bltD8rP.#+@744445 bנZRke<ke< (4Ц @Ц D(43 H? (ਃ 43 ` 7+4>7D7%7744z##h74444@H@7D7%7#% 7444Kx<7D7%77KvX 24}74444#0)@7@@@@ 7K?@ @@@@k?ok? k?7%7k?! a 4y 4@4 @8K?!K?!7@p4 0@@474@04 jKa?H:@7?4y04@4@7?7?7@44y@4@4Ka?@ H:K>K?K? @O? 44@CW?7_7?7@7 " 6/'7?7747?'I'G9 8ࢋ1DN1dN3'2 009%G' Z0N1N3! ' 2  :7`1@1@ 9eG'Z0N1$N;J'J:K 66`9@9@9eG'Z0N1N3! ' 2  U6`1@1@ 9eG'Z0N1$N;J'J:K 6`9@9@9eG' Z0N1N3! ' 2   6s`1@1@ 9eG'Z0N1$N;J'J:K 7`9@9@9eG'Z0N1N3! ' 2  7Z`1@1@ 9eG'X0N1$N1:J'J97!`8G ' J <7=`6?@7?k?ok)4`@54` G>-h "# 47_4K|9K>Q 0K>iK>y4 ߟ4 44k?K>I459k?5W@4 $7 Jk?4?4k?44@4$`7  k?K>a_ k?55@(4 7#A 7Y P7z=_4X5K>a45k?5@4#7 5@k?k>Kt7k7lqk>7mAk>4?Ka?k? 4k>47k?Kw8Ka?׳ c?45k?4 k?)0k?) I 4k>7vH+k?1K?4" k?K@( k?! * 48 k>(0 Bk?94=k?A7s`k?I k?Q0k?Q7>7>k?q4?k? k?5k?ykhk>k?k>7K@7?ςK>  4 "@R@@@  4 "@@@@  4 "@@@@  4 "@@@@  4 "@R@@@  4& "@@@@  4 "@@@@  4 "@@@@  4 "@R@@@  4r "@@@@Ka?4!4! <4?@@k?ok? k?7%7k?! a 4y 4_4 @8K?!K?!7_4 0@@474_}4 jKa?H:@7?4y 4_54@7?7?7_44y 4_4Ka?_H:K>K?K? @O? 44@CW?7_7?7@7 " 6 `/'7?7747?'I'G9 8ࢋ1DN1dN3'2 009%G' Z0N1N3! ' 2  :7`1@1@ 9eG'Z0N1$N;J'J:K 66`9@9@9eG'Z0N1N3! ' 2  U6`1@1@ 9eG'Z0N1$N;J'J:K 6`9@9@9eG' Z0N1N3! ' 2   6s`1@1@ 9eG'Z0N1$N;J'J:K 7`9@9@9eG'Z0N1N3! ' 2  7Z`1@1@ 9eG'X0N1$N1:J'J97!`8G ' J <7=`6?@7?k?7Kv8+ H4? 4447E7K?Y@7??K?Yk?74?k?44_ 4$k|P 7_e@mK?Y" 7z>16 _e45K?YKu?!Ks?) k?k?7Ka?4:@#! _79 K?Y@7?Ku?QKs?Y k?k?7Kv>qBUs4@t 07?ҳ` 05ҳt?@03Ut4H XY4@ @W 2"05ҳy w `?"c#A 7Z X_7?K>@7?Ku?1Ks?9 k?k?7XKa?4:@#! _79 X_444CSt4@?B03?B03CSs4Zt T47Z3`0VZ CSs4`t x4B03s4t H4 @4'k?':G'VK? t 7ZCT6?rғP6s?6??jғ(6s?SCT6?jғ6s?y7k? :CSt4@?B03?B03k @@@K?@ @Ku>Ks> k?Ku?Ks?  k?k?7k?!k?)k?1k?9k?Ak?Ik?Qk?Yk?ak?iD@ Ef4 0@ss4Zt&hS b03s6t?4#A @@ b03#A #A #A x#A h#A X#A H#A 8#A (#A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A p@#A x#A h#A X#A H#A 8#A (#A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A x#A h#A X#A H#A 8#A (#A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A 4h#A @sH4c8#A (#A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A #A @s04cks>yxcs>hcs>Z4_7?c|>K?c!*#A 7Z `_%4BZ4_U7?c|>K?c #A 7Z _4B` #! 4Z_U79 #! _4BZ_79 Џ #A _=4B_-7Z #A _7Z `: 0@ss4Zt S9 b03S`@4?!a ! Ks>y` ( Z_U4@ @5 PCy>Cw>5z @9X_e4B_UY@4 X_54B_%4 `S`_-4?4K>K?!K?)K?1K?9K?AK?IK?QK?YK?aK?i@7?@ @K?@ @k?+7H!k?Dk?k?H4+H! (0 8CHvyBS h0?HvK?YK?@O?Ku?AKs?I k?+k?7Uk?Tk?k?JJ @DJJ 460?6u P++H! # )BS4c?`?++H!_H:SK?YK?@O?+k?7Tk?Uk?JJ (DJ4_MjSK?Y@O?@ @K?@ @k?JJ BK?@ @? crt0: errno: ERROR couldn't open ERROR reading ERROR bad magic number/system id for ERROR bad hpux aux header for (text) (bss) (data)? crt0: errno: tsd$Revision: 1.6 $usage: lessecho [-ox] [-cx] [-pn] [-dn] [-a] file ... %s Missing number after -OMissing number after -CversionhelpInvalid option after --Invalid option letter%c%s%c%s @\`tx@DDHHLLPPTlppttxHLX\x|!!% 8%% 8%%%%%&&&4&8&T&X&t&x&&&&&&&&'''4'8'P'T($(((4(8(T(X****+(+H+l+,$,H,l,p--2 2@223\3`333  +0 +p ,0 - - 2( 2 3 @Z$Revision: 92453-07 linker linker crt0.o B.11.17 000322 $/usr/lib/dld.slERROR: mmap failed for dldERROR: mmap failed for TSD4""358@b@@j--+0,02+p32(@@@@@+,@@@@less/less-RUN/opt/less/bin/lesskey010075500000000000003000000500000717240260300157120ustar000300000000000000@P@`XG(:d @@  92453-07B11.179 92453-07B11.168٪*@X"$$LX  H HtX! X#0X#0X 0@X 86@F@X H:`J`X I:`J`X X:`J`(>(@@`>(@@<>( @@P>(@@h>(&C@ >('D((@((>((DP@P>(R@`DY :d? @ @ $PRIVATE$$DLT$$PLT$ $SHLIB_DATA$$TEXT$ $SHLIB_INFO$ $DATA_START$ $MILLICODE$$CODE$$LIT$$UNWIND_START$$UNWIND$MILLICODE$$UNWIND$ $UNWIND_END$$RECOVER_START$$RECOVER$MILLICODE$ $RECOVER$ $RECOVER_END$ $PFA_COUNTER$$PFA_COUNTER_END$$DATA$ $SHORTDATA$$GLOBAL$ $SHORTBSS$$BSS$ $GDB_DEBUG$ $GDB_SYMBOLS$ $GDB_STRINGS$y/tt( 4p(O l)˚v8v;AhůVL!xy!xy 4'Rg6mT!xT H/ksmT!x'6&hŒ ƿ/5z˚v8vhů;An bltD8rP.UB@ U TZ`gn *3Bhp"lesskey/usr/lib/libc.2_tepv_ktepverrno__ismt__dld_loc_SYSTEM_ID_CPU_REVISION_FPU_MODEL_end_environ$RECOVER_END$RECOVER_START$UNWIND_END$UNWIND_START$ARGV__text_startfopenstrcpystrcmp_startcallocfgetsfprintfexitstrcatfwritestrncmpgetenvatexitstrlenprintfperrormain__d_trap__gcc_plt_call__do_global_dtors__iob_tepv_ktepv__ismterrno k? k?k?@@K?@ @Ku>Ks> k?#`(7{7 kc7Akx7q'y 4yEe'y7D7%767+4>#,744445 bנZRke7ake7i (4Ц @Ц D(43 H? 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' 2  7Z`1@1@ 9eG'X0N1$N1:J'J97!`8G ' J <7=`6?@7?k?7KvX+ H4?@4447=7K?Y@7??K?Yk?74?k?44_ 4$k|p 7_e@mK?Y"7z86_e45K?YKu>Ks> k?Ku>Ks> k?k?7Ka?4:@#"_m79 H_4Ku?1Ks?9 k?Ku>Ks> k?Ku>qKs>y k?Ku>Ks> k?k?ok?k?E_ FD_Z 4_4DZ_YZ#"_%79 Z_ Y\K?YK?K?@O?Ku?Ks? k?k?oC#B_7Z \ "CS` Y_u4BHKa?4:@#"_79 #B7Z _-YK?Y@O?Ku?Ks?  k?Ku>Ks> k?Ku?AKs?I k?k?ok?k?E7D?BXk`= 0t4!p#B@4Z (#"j4ނ +JZ79 _4 `#"@s` s4s4zt +X4s_-4BPZ_E79 ( p#B_4BH6sks=Ks=Bs` b` _@ 08ks=7Z @_7y>_=4_]@`r 0@st4Z J@ss` 2t=@s@s`=@s4?4@ _@@+H ks=#B_7Z pk|=K?YK?K?@O?7t7s9ks6j7t7sKs> k?k?ok?k?ED0CZ44_mW4S`_4c?K?YK?K?@O?k?7k?!k?)C4sHDKa?4:@#"79 X_}4 _4sc?7?44_eWs&c?7?44_-WK>K?!K?)@7?k?ok?k?EKs=JsJs` 4DKs=Js c Jz_ Y (+Ks=Js c XJ|4cKs=Js c Js`?mKs=#B@@7Z h4K?YK?K?@O?k?7WKa?4:@#"79 _=KxKs6sksK?Y@7?k?ok? k?k?k?!k>44 4@_ -7>D_5Z @4 _4B_ZK>Bssc r `?m@_4_K>k>SBs` K>#B7Z _-4B_ Zk>SBdЄb`_ZEK>bd_]K>k>SBs` Z_4Bh__4B _ m7>_ZK>Bs`?@_M4K>K? K?K?K?!@O?k?ok?k?94@4z_ 7?9_eZK?9Bssd r c `?@_u4_K?9k?9Sb4Ҕk?94z #B7Z _4B_4_]K?9k?9SBs` :_7?9_MZK?9Bs`?@_}4K?YK?@O?k?o_EC pK?Y_UZZCS` 8+Kt=7s _4B_ @K?Y@O?@@K?@ @Ku>aKs>i k?Ku?QKs?Y k?Ku>Ks> k?k?7k?!k?)k?1D@EZ_Y_@Kz=#"_-79  +Ka?X4$CKz=#"_79 Ȝ +`_Kz=_y@k`k` C6sks_=7=7=4_mX?KsKx@8+Ka?4:@#"_i79 _4CKs=` H+#B_7Z X k|=#B_7Z hk|=Kz=#"_%79 x| Z_5Kz=_47y=_4Z7y=_47dH4Z_MHZY_uZ7y=_U47dH4Z_HZY_Z7y=_47dH4Z_]HZY_Z7y=_e4Z7y=_E44K=YK?!K?)K?1@7=@ @K?@ @k?+7H!k?Dk?k?H4+H! (0 8CHvBS h0?HvK?YK?@O?Ku?!Ks?) k?+k?7Uk?Tk?k?JJ @DJJ 460?6u P++H! # BS4c?`?++H!_H:SK?YK?@O?+k?7Tk?Uk?JJ (DJ4_MjSK?Y@O?@ @K?@ @k?JJ BK?@ @? crt0: errno: ERROR couldn't open ERROR reading ERROR bad magic number/system id for ERROR bad hpux aux header for (text) (bss) (data)? crt0: errno: tsdvisualversionundo-hilitetoggle-optiontoggle-flagstatusshellset-markright-scrollreverse-search-allreverse-searchrepeat-search-allrepeat-searchrepaint-flushrepaintquitprev-filepipepercentnoactionnext-fileleft-scrollinvalidindex-filehelpgoto-markgoto-linegoto-endforw-windowforw-searchforw-scrollforw-screen-forceforw-screenforw-line-forceforw-lineforw-foreverforw-bracketflush-repaintfirstcmdfirst-cmdexamineenddisplay-optiondisplay-flagdigitdebugback-windowback-searchback-scrollback-screenback-line-forceback-lineback-bracketword-rightword-leftword-deleteword-backspaceuprightliteralleftkill-lineinserthomeforw-completeexpanddowndeletebackspaceback-completeusage: lesskey [-o output] [input] /HOMEcannot find $HOME - using current directory .--output--versionlesskey version %s .lesskey too many commands#line-edit#command#env#stoperror: integer too big (%d > %d) unknown actionline %d: %s command too longmissing actionmissing =-r%d errors; no output produced LESSKEY.lesswb (,@DP  $<@@DDH   ( , H L""% 8%&l 8&p&&&&&&'''$'('D'H'd'h''''''''((( ($(()))$)(+\+`+++,0,P,-0-P--////5555556T6X6666778888949@9x9::;;<(>?(?H??@0@P@X p , ,X -8 - 7 < <( > ?0 @8 @$Revision: 92453-07 linker linker crt0.o B.11.17 000322 $/usr/lib/dld.slERROR: mmap failed for dldERROR: mmap failed for TSDC$CCCCCC"CCCxChCdC\ CP CD C4 C$#C2C BB B(BBB!BBBBB|&BtfBh)B\BPeBHB@%B4B,B$B B+A,A-A.A*AAAA/A/Ax'ApAh DDDDxCd DpD`DX DPBtfDDD<D4D,D( D D DC@M+GEndcevx (358@@@"<(,-p,p@p@p@x@@h+@@@|@less/less-RUN/opt/less/doc/COPYING010075500000000000003000000431320717240260100153460ustar000300000000000000 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software. Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.) These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program. In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License. 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice. This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License. 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. less/less-RUN/opt/less/doc/HPUX.Install010075500000000000003000000060340717240260100164270ustar000300000000000000Package name: less Version number: 358 Original author: Mark Nudelman Original URL: http://www.flash.net/~marknu/less/ HP-UX URL: http://hpux.connect.org.uk/hppd/cgi-bin/search?package=&term=less- Install tree: /opt/less Report bugs to: hpux@connect.org.uk Tested on: HP 9000/780/C160 running HP-UX 11.00 C compiler used: Version A.11.01.21505.GP Purpose: Dual direction pager program, similar to more. Has several extra features, including a combination of both more and vi commands, calculation of the line number range and a configurable prompt. Date archived: Sun 15 Oct 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Files changed: * Makefile.in: - Strip installed binaries. - Added build rule for help.c, because if you edit less.hlp, the Makefile *doesn't* re-generate help.c ! This is strange, because the author does indeed supply the mkhelp.c program to let you re-generate it... - Similarly, added a build rule for "less.man", so that editing less.nro will re-generate less.man during a "make". Ditto for "lesskey.man" and lesskey.nro. - "make clean" now does the same as the original "make distclean" did, except for deleting the top-level Makefile, defines.h or config.status of course. It also now deletes mkhelp naturally enough. * ch.c: - Moved the slept variable to be an exported int because it's the only flag that indicates someone pressed "F" inside less. Need to know this so that CTRL-C doesn't exit during an "F" operation. * configure: - Set up HP-UX flags by default (use gcc if available, otherwise it's HP ANSI C). - Set prefix to /opt/less. - Disable picking up termcap (need to use termlib instead) - bizrrely, the original configure did test for termlib, but never used it ! - Disable picking up curses (if it's used, 11.0 has problems, plus the 10.20 less binary won't run on 11.0). * main.c: - Added a return(QUIT_OK); at the end of main(). * mkinstalldirs: - Set 755 permissions on installed directories. * os.c: - HP-UX 10.X doesn't #ifndef MAXINT around its MAXINT definition in , which is getting included twice from this source file (via and another system include) and there's a redefinition of MAXINT warning as a result. I have conditionally excluded for HP-UX only. * prompt.c: - Capitalised prompt macros. * signal.c: - Made CTRL-C exit less (unless in the middle of an "F" operation or calculating line numbers), rather than stupidly ignoring it and beeping. To compile and install: [Edit configure for your site if neccessary] ksh configure make install Notes: * CTRL-C now exits less instead of just annoyingly beeping, unless you are in a "calculating line numbers" or "F" ("tail -f" simulation) situation - those two cases just cancel the operation but stay inside less (a second CTRL-C in those cases will then leave less). * We recommend this setting for the LESS environmental variable: export LESS='-efFMq' less/less-RUN/opt/less/doc/INSTALL010075500000000000003000000173260717240260100153520ustar000300000000000000 This file describes how to build and install less using the "configure" script. This only works on Unix systems. To install on other systems, read the README file. Basic Installation ================== These are generic installation instructions. The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package. It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script `config.status' that you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring, and a file `config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try to figure out how `configure' could check whether to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to the address given in the `README' so they can be considered for the next release. If at some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it. The file `configure.in' is used to create `configure' by a program called `autoconf'. You only need `configure.in' if you want to change it or regenerate `configure' using a newer version of `autoconf'. The simplest way to compile this package is: 1. `cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type `./configure' to configure the package for your system. If you're using `csh' on an old version of System V, you might need to type `sh ./configure' instead to prevent `csh' from trying to execute `configure' itself. Running `configure' takes awhile. While running, it prints some messages telling which features it is checking for. 2. Type `make' to compile the package. 3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with the package. 4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and documentation. 5. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the source code directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. There is also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came with the distribution. Compilers and Options ===================== Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that the `configure' script does not know about. You can give `configure' initial values for variables by setting them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you can do that on the command line like this: CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure Or on systems that have the `env' program, you can do it like this: env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure Compiling For Multiple Architectures ==================================== You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To do this, you must use a version of `make' that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'. `cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run the `configure' script. `configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'. If you have to use a `make' that does not supports the `VPATH' variable, you have to compile the package for one architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before reconfiguring for another architecture. Installation Names ================== By default, `make install' will install the package's files in `/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/man', etc. You can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving `configure' the option `--prefix=PATH'. You can specify separate installation prefixes for architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you give `configure' the option `--exec-prefix=PATH', the package will use PATH as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix. In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give options like `--bindir=PATH' to specify different values for particular kinds of files. Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories you can set and what kinds of files go in them. If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'. Optional Features ================= Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to `configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package. They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System). The `README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the package recognizes. For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't, you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations. Specifying the System Type ========================== There may be some features `configure' can not figure out automatically, but needs to determine by the type of host the package will run on. Usually `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host type, give it the `--host=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name with three fields: CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If `config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't need to know the host type. If you are building compiler tools for cross-compiling, you can also use the `--target=TYPE' option to select the type of system they will produce code for and the `--build=TYPE' option to select the type of system on which you are compiling the package. Sharing Defaults ================ If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share, you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'. `configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then `PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the `CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script. A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script. Operation Controls ================== `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it operates. `--cache-file=FILE' Use and save the results of the tests in FILE instead of `./config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to disable caching, for debugging `configure'. `--help' Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit. `--quiet' `--silent' `-q' Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. `--srcdir=DIR' Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually `configure' can determine that directory automatically. `--version' Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure' script, and exit. `configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. less/less-RUN/opt/less/doc/LICENSE010075500000000000003000000023670717240260100153250ustar000300000000000000 Less License ------------ Less Copyright (C) 1984-2000 Mark Nudelman Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. less/less-RUN/opt/less/doc/NEWS010075500000000000003000000401170717240260100150120ustar000300000000000000 NEWS about less ====================================================================== For the latest news about less, see the "less" Web page: http://www.flash.net/~marknu/less You can also download the latest version of less from there. To report bugs, suggestions or comments, send email to bug-less@gnu.org or marknu@flash.net. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 354 and 358 * Add -J (--status-column) option to display a status column. * Add -# (--shift) option to set default horizontal shift distance. Default horizontal shift distance is now one-half screen width. * Horizontal shifting does not shift line numbers if -N is in effect. * Horizontal shifting acts as though -S were set, to avoid confusion. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 352 and 354 * Allow space after numeric-valued command line options. * Fix problem with configuring terminal libraries on some systems. * Add support for PCRE regular expression library. * Add --with-regex option to configure to allow manually selecting a regular expression library. * Fix bug compiling with SECURE = 1. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 346 and 352 * Enable UTF-8 if "UTF-8" appears in locale-related environment variables. * Add --with-editor option to configure script. * The -M prompt and = message now show the top and bottom line number. * Fix bug in running the editor on a file whose name contains quotes, etc. * Fix bug in horizontal scrolling of long lines. * Fix bug in doing :d on a file which contains marks. * Fix bug causing cleared lines to sometimes be filled with standout, bold, underline, etc. on certain terminals. * Fixes for MS-DOS (DJGPP) version. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 340 and 346 * The UTF-8 character set is now supported. * The default character set is now latin1 rather than ascii. * New option -R (--RAW-CONTROL-CHARS) is like -r but handles long (wrapped) lines correctly, as long as the input contains only normal text and ANSI color escape sequences. * New option -F (--quit-if-one-screen) quits if the text fits on the first screen. * The -w option now highlights the target line of a g or p command. * A system-wide lesskey file is supported (LESSKEY_SYSTEM). * New escape for prompt strings: %c is replaced by column number. * New escape for prompt strings: %P is replaced by percentage into file, based on line number rather than byte offset. * HOME and END keys now jump to beginning of file or end of file. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 337 and 340 * Command line options for less may now be given in either the old single-letter form, or a new long name form (--option-name). See the less man page or "less --help" for the list of long option names. * Command line options for lesskey may now be given in a new long name form. See the lesskey man page for the list of long option names. * New command -- toggles an option using the long option name. * New command __ queries an option using the long option name. * The old -- command is renamed as -!. * If a ^P is entered between the dash and the option letter of the - command, the message describing the new setting is suppressed. * Lesskey files may now contain \k escape sequences to represent the "special" keys (arrows, PAGE-UP/PAGE-DOWN, HOME, END, INSERT, DELETE). * New command :d removes the current file from the list of files. * New option -~ (like -w before version 335) suppresses tildes after end-of-file. * Less is now released under the GNU General Public License. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 335 and 337 * Fixed bugs in "make install". ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 332 and 335 * The old -w flag (suppress tildes after end-of-file) has been removed. * New -w flag highlights the first new line after a forward-screen. * New -W flag highlights the first new line after any forward movement. * Window resize works even if LINES and/or COLUMNS environment variables are incorrect. * New percent escapes for prompt strings: %d is replaced by the page number, and %D is replaced by the number of pages in the file. * Added charsets "iso8859" and "ebcdic". * In Windows version, uses HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH if HOME is not defined. * Fixed some bugs causing incorrect display on DOS/Windows. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 330 and 332 * Filenames from the command line are entered into the command history, so UPARROW/DOWNARROW can be used to retrieve them from the :e command. * Now works correctly on Windows when using a scrolling terminal window (buffer larger than display window). * On Windows, now restores the console screen on exit. Use -X to get the old behavior. * Fixed bug on Windows when CAPS-LOCK or NUM-LOCK is pressed. * Fixed bug on Windows when piping output of an interactive program. * Fixed bug in tags file processing when tags file has DOS-style line terminators (CR/LF). * Fixed compilation problem on OS/2. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 321 and 330 * Now supports filenames containing spaces (in double quotes). New option -" can be used to change the quoting characters. * In filename completion, a slash is appended to a directory name. If the environment variable LESSSEPARATOR is set, the value of that variable, rather than a slash, is appended. * LeftArrow and RightArrow are same as ESC-[ and ESC-]. * Added commands ESC-( and ESC-), same as ESC-[ and ESC-]. * A "quit" command defined in a lesskey file may now have an "extra" string, which is used to return an exit code from less when it quits. * New environment variables LESSMETACHARS and LESSMETAESCAPE provide more control over how less interfaces to the shell. * Ported to Microsoft Visual C compiler for Windows. * Ported to DJGPP compiler for MS-DOS. * Bug fixes. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 291 and 321 * Command line at bottom of screen now scrolls, so it can be longer than the screen width. * New commands ESC-] and ESC-[ scroll the display horizontally. * New command ESC-SPACE scrolls forward a full screen, even if it hits end-of-file. * Alternate modifiers for search commands: ^N is same as !, ^F is same as @, and ^E is same as *. * New modifier for search commands: ^K means highlight the matches currently on-screen, but don't move to the first match. * New modifier for search commands: ^R means don't use regular expressions in the search. * Environment variable LESSKEY gives name of default lesskey file. * Environment variable LESSSECURE will force less to run in "secure" mode. * Command line argument "--" signals that the rest of the arguments are files (not option flags). * Help file (less.hlp) is no longer installed. Help text is now embedded in the less executable itself. * Added -Ph to change the prompt for the help text. Added -Ps to change the default short prompt (same as plain -P). * Ported to the Borland C compiler for MS-DOS. * Ported to Windows 95 & Windows NT. * Ported to OS-9. * Ported to GNU Hurd. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 290 and 291 * Less environment variables can be specified in lesskey files. * Fixed MS-DOS build. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 278 and 290 * Accepts GNU-style options "--help" and "--version". * OS/2 version looks for less.ini in $HOME before $INIT and $PATH. * Bug fixes ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 252 and 278 * A LESSOPEN preprocessor may now pipe the converted file data to less, rather than writing it to a temporary file. * Search pattern highlighting has been fixed. It now highlights reliably, even if a string is split across two screen lines, contains TABs, etc. * The -F flag (which suppress search highlighting) has been changed to -G. A new flag, -g, changes search highlighting to highlight only the string found by the last search command, instead of all strings which match the last search command. * New flag -I acts like -i, but ignores case even if the search pattern contains uppercase letters. * Less now checks for the environment variable VISUAL before EDITOR. * Ported to OS/2. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 237 and 252 * Changes in line-editing keys: The literal key is now ^V or ^A rather than \ (backslash). Filename completion commands (TAB and ^L) are disabled when typing a search pattern. * Line-editing command keys can be redefined using lesskey. * Lesskey with no input file defaults to $HOME/.lesskey rather than standard input. * New option -V displays version number of less. * New option -V displays version number of lesskey. * Help file less.hlp is now installed by default in /usr/local/share rather than /usr/local/lib. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 170 and 237 * By popular demand, text which matches the current search pattern is highlighted. New -F flag disables this feature. * Henry Spencer's regexp.c is now included, for systems which do not have a regular expression library. regexp.c is Copyright (c) 1986 by University of Toronto. * New line-editing keys, including command history (arrow keys) and filename completion (TAB). * Input preprocessor allows modification of input files (e.g. uncompress) via LESSOPEN/LESSCLOSE environment variables. * New -X flag disables sending termcap "ti" and "te" (initialize and deinitialize) strings to the terminal. * Changing -i from within less now correctly affects a subsequent repeated search. * Searching for underlined or overstruck text now works when the -u flag is in effect, rather than the -i flag. * Use setlocale (LANG and LC_CTYPE environment variables) to determine the character set if LESSCHARSET/LESSCHARDEF are not set. * The default format for displaying binary characters is now standout (reverse video) rather than blinking. This can still be changed by setting the LESSBINFMT environment variable. * Use autoconf installation technology. * Ported to MS-DOS. ******************************** Things that may surprise you ******************************** * When you enter text at the bottom of the screen (search string, filename, etc.), some keys act different than previously. Specifically, \ (backslash), ESC, TAB, BACKTAB, and control-L now have line editing functions. * Some previous unofficial versions of less were able to display compressed files. The new LESSOPEN/LESSCLOSE feature now provides this functionality in a different way. * Some previous unofficial versions of less provided a -Z flag to set the number of lines of text to retain between full screen scrolls. The -z-n flag (that is, -z with a negative number) provides this functionality. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 123 and 170 * New option -j allows target lines to be positioned anywhere on screen. * New option -S truncates displayed line at the screen width, rather than wrapping onto the next line. * New option -y limits amount of forward scroll. * New option -T specifies a "tags" file. * Non-printable, non-control characters are displayed in octal. Such characters, as well as control characters, are displayed in blinking mode. * New command -+ sets an option to its default. * New command -- sets an option to the opposite of its default. * Lesskey file may have a string appended to a key's action, which acts as though typed in after the command. * New commands ESC-^F and ESC-^B match arbitrary types of brackets. * New command F monitors a growing file (like "tail -f"). * New command | pipes a section of the input file into a shell command. * New command :x directly jumps to a file in the command line list. * Search commands have been enhanced and reorganized: n Repeat search, same direction. N Repeat search, opposite direction. ESC-/ Search forward thru file boundaries ESC-? Search backward thru file boundaries ESC-n Repeat search thru file boundaries, same direction. ESC-N Repeat search thru file boundaries, opposite direction. Special character * causes search to search thru file boundaries. Special character @ causes search to begin at start/end of file list. * Examining a new file adds it to the command line list. A list of files, or an expression which matches more than one file, may be examined; all of them are added to the command line list. * Environment variables LESSCHARSET and LESSCHARDEF can define a non-ASCII character set. * Partial support for MSDOS, including options -R for repainting screen on quit, -v/-V to select video mode, and -W to change window size. ====================================================================== Major changes between "less" versions 97 and 123 * New option (-N) causes line numbers to be displayed in the text of the file (like vi "set nu"). * New option (-?) prints help message immediately. * New option (-r) displays "raw" control characters, without mapping them to ^X notation. * New option (-f) forces less to open non-regular files (directories, etc). * New option (-k) can be used to specify lesskey files by name. * New option (-y) can be used to set a forward scroll limit (like -h sets a backward scroll limit). * File marks (set by the m command) are now preserved when a new file is edited. The ' command can thus be used to switch files. * New command ESC-/ searches all files (on the command line) for a pattern. * New command ESC-n repeats previous search, spanning files. * The N command has been changed to repeat the previous search in the reverse direction. The old N command is still available via :n. * New command ESC-N repeats previous search in the reverse direction and spanning files. * 8 bit characters are now supported. A new option (-g) can be used to strip off the eighth bit (the previous behavior). * Options which take a following string (like -t) may now optionally have a space between the option letter and the string. * Six new commands { } ( ) [ and ] can be used to match brackets of specific types, similar to vi % command. * New commands z and w move forward/backward one window and simultaneously set the window size. * Prompt string expansion now has %L for line number of the last line in the file, and %E for the name of the editor. Also, % escapes which refer to a line (b=bottom, t=top, etc.) can use j for the jump target line. * New environment variable LESSEDIT can be used to tailor the command string passed to the editor by the v command. * Examining a file which was previously examined will return to the same position in the file. * A "%" is expanded to the current filename and a "#" to the previous filename, in both shell commands and the E command. (Previously % worked only in shell commands and # worked only in the E command.) * New command ":ta" is equivalent to "-t". * New command "s" is equivalent to "-l". * The - command may be followed by "+X" to revert to the default for option X, or "-X" to get the opposite of the default. * Lesskey files may now include characters after the action as extra input to be parsed after the action; for example: "toggle-option X" to toggle a specific option X. less/less-RUN/opt/less/doc/README010075500000000000003000000224560717240260100152010ustar000300000000000000 Less, version 358 This is the distribution of less, version 358, released 08 Jul 2000. This program is part of the GNU project (http://www.gnu.org). This program is free software. You may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either: 1. The GNU General Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. A copy of this license is in the file COPYING. or 2. The Less License, in the file LICENSE. Please report any problems to bug-less@gnu.org or marknu@flash.net. See http://www.flash.net/~marknu/less for the latest info. You may also contact the author at: Mark Nudelman Greenwood Software PO Box 2402 El Granada, CA 94018 USA ========================================================================= This is the distribution of "less", a paginator similar to "more" or "pg". The formatted manual page is in less.man. The manual page nroff source is in less.nro. Major changes made since the last posted version are in NEWS. ======================================================================= INSTALLATION (Unix systems only): 1. Move the distributed source to its own directory and unpack it, if you have not already done so. 2. Type "sh configure". This will generate a Makefile and a defines.h. Warning: if you have a GNU sed, make sure it is version 2.05 or later. The file INSTALL describes the usage of the configure program in general. In addition, these options to configure are supported: --with-editor=program Specifies the default editor program used by the "v" command. The default is "vi". --with-regex=lib Specifies the regular expression library used by less for pattern matching. The default is "auto", which means the configure program finds a regular expression library automatically. Other values are: posix Use the POSIX-compatible regcomp. pcre Use the PCRE library. regcmp Use the regcmp library. re_comp Use the re_comp library. regcomp Use the V8-compatible regcomp. regcomp-local Use Henry Spencer's V8-compatible regcomp (source is supplied with less). 3. It is a good idea to look over the generated Makefile and defines.h and make sure they look ok. If you know of any peculiarities of your system that configure might not have detected, you may fix the Makefile now. Take particular notice of the list of "terminal" libraries in the LIBS definition in the Makefile; these may need to be edited. The terminal libraries will be some subset of -lncurses -lcurses -ltermcap -ltermlib If you wish, you may edit defines.h to remove some optional features. If you wish to build a "secure" version of less (which disables all features which might allow a user to do unintended things to the system on which less is running), edit defines.h and define SECURE to 1. If you choose not to include some features in your version, you may wish to edit the manual page "less.nro" and the help page "less.hlp" to remove the descriptions of the features which you are removing. If you edit less.hlp, you should run "make -f Makefile.aut help.c". 4. Type "make" and watch the fun. 5. If the make succeeds, it will generate the programs "less", "lesskey" and "lessecho" in your current directory. Test the generated programs. 6. When satisfied that it works, if you wish to install it in a public place, type "make install". The default install destinations are: Executables (less, lesskey, lessecho) in /usr/local/bin Documentation (less.nro, lesskey.nro) in /usr/local/man/man1 If you want to install any of these files elsewhere, define bindir and/or mandir to the appropriate directories. If you have any problems building or running "less", suggestions, complaints, etc., you may mail to the author at marknu@flash.net. Note to hackers: comments noting possible improvements are enclosed in double curly brackets {{ like this }}. ======================================================================= INSTALLATION (MS-DOS systems only, with Microsoft C, Borland C, or DJGPP) 1. Move the distributed source to its own directory. Depending on your compiler, you may need to convert the source to have CR-LF rather than LF as line terminators. 2. If you are using Microsoft C, rename MAKEFILE.DSU to MAKEFILE. If you are using Borland C, rename MAKEFILE.DSB to MAKEFILE. If you are using DJGPP, rename MAKEFILE.DSG to MAKEFILE. 3. Look at MAKEFILE to make sure that the definitions for CC and LIBDIR are correct. CC should be the name of your C compiler and LIBDIR should be the directory where the C libraries reside (for Microsoft C only). If these definitions need to be changed, you can either modify the definitions directly in MAKEFILE, or set your environment variables CC and/or LIBDIR to override the definitions in MAKEFILE. 4. If you wish, you may edit DEFINES.DS to remove some optional features. If you choose not to include some features in your version, you may wish to edit the manual page LESS.MAN and the help page HELP.C to remove the descriptions of the features which you are removing. 5. Run your "make" program and watch the fun. If your "make" requires a flag to import environment variables, you should use that flag. If your compiler runs out of memory, try running "make -n >cmds.bat" and then run cmds.bat. 6. If the make succeeds, it will generate the programs "LESS.EXE" and "LESSKEY.EXE" in your current directory. Test the generated programs. 7. When satisfied that it works, you may wish to install LESS.EXE and LESSKEY.EXE in a directory which is included in your PATH. ======================================================================= INSTALLATION (Windows-95, Windows-98 and Windows-NT systems only, with Borland C or Microsoft Visual C++) 1. Move the distributed source to its own directory. 2. If you are using Borland C, rename Makefile.wnb to Makefile. If you are using Microsoft Visual C++, rename Makefile.wnm to Makefile. 3. Check the Makefile to make sure the definitions look ok. 4. If you wish, you may edit defines.wn to remove some optional features. If you choose not to include some features in your version, you may wish to edit the manual page less.man and the help page help.c to remove the descriptions of the features which you are removing. 5. Type "make" and watch the fun. 6. If the make succeeds, it will generate the programs "less.exe" and "lesskey.exe" in your current directory. Test the generated programs. 7. When satisfied that it works, if you wish to install it in a public place, type "make install". See step 6 of the Unix installation instructions for details on how to change the default installation directories. ======================================================================= INSTALLATION (OS/2 systems only, with EMX C) 1. Move the distributed source to its own directory. 2. Rename Makefile.o2e to Makefile. 3. Check the Makefile to make sure the definitions look ok. 4. If you wish, you may edit defines.o2 to remove some optional features. If you choose not to include some features in your version, you may wish to edit the manual page less.man and the help page help.c to remove the descriptions of the features which you are removing. 5. Type "make" and watch the fun. 6. If the make succeeds, it will generate the programs "less.exe" and "lesskey.exe" in your current directory. Test the generated programs. 7. Make sure you have the emx runtime installed. You need the emx DLLs emx.dll and emxlibcs.dll and also the termcap database, termcap.dat. Make sure you have termcap.dat either in the default location or somewhere in a directory listed in the PATH or INIT environment variables. 8. When satisfied that it works, you may wish to install less.exe and lesskey.exe in a directory which is included in your PATH. ======================================================================= INSTALLATION (OS-9 systems only, with Microware C or Ultra C) 1. Move the distributed source to its own directory. 2. If you are using Microware C, rename Makefile.o9c to Makefile. If you are using Ultra C, rename Makefile.o9u to Makefile. 3. Check the Makefile to make sure the definitions look ok. 4. If you wish, you may edit defines.o9 to remove some optional features. If you choose not to include some features in your version, you may wish to edit the manual page less.man and the help page help.c to remove the descriptions of the features which you are removing. 5. Type "dmake" and watch the fun. The standard OS-9 "make" will probably not work. If you don't have dmake, you can get a copy from os9archive.rtsi.com. 6. If the make succeeds, it will generate the programs "less" and "lesskey" in your current directory. Test the generated programs. 7. When satisfied that it works, if you wish to install it in a public place, type "dmake install". See step 6 of the Unix installation instructions for details on how to change the default installation directories. less/less-RUN/opt/less/man/man1/less.1010064400000000000003000001567710717240260300162220ustar000300000000000000.TH LESS 1 "Version 358: 08 Jul 2000" .SH NAME less \- opposite of more .SH SYNOPSIS .B "less -?" .br .B "less --help" .br .B "less -V" .br .B "less --version" .br .B "less [-[+]aBcCdeEfgGiImMnNqQrsSuUVwX]" .br .B " [-b \fIbufs\fP] [-h \fIlines\fP] [-j \fIline\fP] [-k \fIkeyfile\fP]" .br .B " [-{oO} \fIlogfile\fP] [-p \fIpattern\fP] [-P \fIprompt\fP] [-t \fItag\fP]" .br .B " [-T \fItagsfile\fP] [-x \fItab\fP] [-y \fIlines\fP] [-[z] \fIlines\fP]" .br .B " [+[+]\fIcmd\fP] [--] [\fIfilename\fP]..." .br (See the OPTIONS section for alternate option syntax with long option names.) .SH DESCRIPTION .I Less is a program similar to .I more (1), but which allows backward movement in the file as well as forward movement. Also, .I less does not have to read the entire input file before starting, so with large input files it starts up faster than text editors like .I vi (1). .I Less uses termcap (or terminfo on some systems), so it can run on a variety of terminals. There is even limited support for hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with a caret.) .PP Commands are based on both .I more and .I vi. Commands may be preceded by a decimal number, called N in the descriptions below. The number is used by some commands, as indicated. .SH COMMANDS In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X. ESC stands for the ESCAPE key; for example ESC-v means the two character sequence "ESCAPE", then "v". .IP "h or H" Help: display a summary of these commands. If you forget all the other commands, remember this one. .IP "SPACE or ^V or f or ^F" Scroll forward N lines, default one window (see option -z below). If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literalization character. .IP "z" Like SPACE, but if N is specified, it becomes the new window size. .IP "ESC-SPACE" Like SPACE, but scrolls a full screenful, even if it reaches end-of-file in the process. .IP "RETURN or ^N or e or ^E or j or ^J" Scroll forward N lines, default 1. The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. .IP "d or ^D" Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size. If N is specified, it becomes the new default for subsequent d and u commands. .IP "b or ^B or ESC-v" Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below). If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. .IP "w" Like ESC-v, but if N is specified, it becomes the new window size. .IP "y or ^Y or ^P or k or ^K" Scroll backward N lines, default 1. The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. Warning: some systems use ^Y as a special job control character. .IP "u or ^U" Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size. If N is specified, it becomes the new default for subsequent d and u commands. .IP "ESC-) or RIGHTARROW" Scroll horizontally right N characters, default half the screen width (see the -# option). While the text is scrolled, it acts as though the -S option (chop lines) were in effect. Note that if you wish to enter a number N, you must use ESC-), not RIGHTARROW, because the arrow is taken to be a line editing command (see the LINE EDITING section). .IP "ESC-( or LEFTARROW" Scroll horizontally left N characters, default half the screen width (see the -# option). .IP "r or ^R or ^L" Repaint the screen. .IP R Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed. .IP "F" Scroll forward, and keep trying to read when the end of file is reached. Normally this command would be used when already at the end of the file. It is a way to monitor the tail of a file which is growing while it is being viewed. (The behavior is similar to the "tail -f" command.) .IP "g or < or ESC-<" Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file). (Warning: this may be slow if N is large.) .IP "G or > or ESC->" Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. (Warning: this may be slow if N is large, or if N is not specified and standard input, rather than a file, is being read.) .IP "p or %" Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0 and 100. .IP "{" If a left curly bracket appears in the top line displayed on the screen, the { command will go to the matching right curly bracket. The matching right curly bracket is positioned on the bottom line of the screen. If there is more than one left curly bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify the N-th bracket on the line. .IP "}" If a right curly bracket appears in the bottom line displayed on the screen, the } command will go to the matching left curly bracket. The matching left curly bracket is positioned on the top line of the screen. If there is more than one right curly bracket on the top line, a number N may be used to specify the N-th bracket on the line. .IP "(" Like {, but applies to parentheses rather than curly brackets. .IP ")" Like }, but applies to parentheses rather than curly brackets. .IP "[" Like {, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brackets. .IP "]" Like }, but applies to square brackets rather than curly brackets. .IP "ESC-^F" Followed by two characters, acts like {, but uses the two characters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example, "ESC ^F < >" could be used to go forward to the > which matches the < in the top displayed line. .IP "ESC-^B" Followed by two characters, acts like }, but uses the two characters as open and close brackets, respectively. For example, "ESC ^B < >" could be used to go backward to the < which matches the > in the bottom displayed line. .IP m Followed by any lowercase letter, marks the current position with that letter. .IP "'" (Single quote.) Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which was previously marked with that letter. Followed by another single quote, returns to the position at which the last "large" movement command was executed. Followed by a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file respectively. Marks are preserved when a new file is examined, so the ' command can be used to switch between input files. .IP "^X^X" Same as single quote. .IP /pattern Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. N defaults to 1. The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by .I ed. The search starts at the second line displayed (but see the -a and -j options, which change this). .sp Certain characters are special if entered at the beginning of the pattern; they modify the type of search rather than become part of the pattern: .RS .IP "^N or !" Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern. .IP "^E or *" Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches the END of the current file without finding a match, the search continues in the next file in the command line list. .IP "^F or @" Begin the search at the first line of the FIRST file in the command line list, regardless of what is currently displayed on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j options. .IP "^K" Highlight any text which matches the pattern on the current screen, but don't move to the first match (KEEP current position). .IP "^R" Don't interpret regular expression metacharacters; that is, do a simple textual comparison. .RE .IP ?pattern Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed. .sp Certain characters are special as in the / command: .RS .IP "^N or !" Search for lines which do NOT match the pattern. .IP "^E or *" Search multiple files. That is, if the search reaches the beginning of the current file without finding a match, the search continues in the previous file in the command line list. .IP "^F or @" Begin the search at the last line of the last file in the command line list, regardless of what is currently displayed on the screen or the settings of the -a or -j options. .IP "^K" As in forward searches. .IP "^R" As in forward searches. .RE .IP "ESC-/pattern" Same as "/*". .IP "ESC-?pattern" Same as "?*". .IP n Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern. If the previous search was modified by ^N, the search is made for the N-th line NOT containing the pattern. If the previous search was modified by ^E, the search continues in the next (or previous) file if not satisfied in the current file. If the previous search was modified by ^R, the search is done without using regular expressions. There is no effect if the previous search was modified by ^F or ^K. .IP N Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction. .IP "ESC-n" Repeat previous search, but crossing file boundaries. The effect is as if the previous search were modified by *. .IP "ESC-N" Repeat previous search, but in the reverse direction and crossing file boundaries. .IP "ESC-u" Undo search highlighting. Turn off highlighting of strings matching the current search pattern. If highlighting is already off because of a previous ESC-u command, turn highlighting back on. Any search command will also turn highlighting back on. (Highlighting can also be disabled by toggling the -G option; in that case search commands do not turn highlighting back on.) .IP ":e [filename]" Examine a new file. If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the :n and :p commands below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined. A percent sign (%) in the filename is replaced by the name of the current file. A pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously examined file. However, two consecutive percent signs are simply replaced with a single percent sign. This allows you to enter a filename that contains a percent sign in the name. Similarly, two consecutive pound signs are replaced with a single pound sign. The filename is inserted into the command line list of files so that it can be seen by subsequent :n and :p commands. If the filename consists of several files, they are all inserted into the list of files and the first one is examined. If the filename contains one or more spaces, the entire filename should be enclosed in double quotes (also see the -" option). .IP "^X^V or E" Same as :e. Warning: some systems use ^V as a special literalization character. On such systems, you may not be able to use ^V. .IP ":n" Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line). If a number N is specified, the N-th next file is examined. .IP ":p" Examine the previous file in the command line list. If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined. .IP ":x" Examine the first file in the command line list. If a number N is specified, the N-th file in the list is examined. .IP ":d" Remove the current file from the list of files. .IP "= or ^G or :f" Prints some information about the file being viewed, including its name and the line number and byte offset of the bottom line being displayed. If possible, it also prints the length of the file, the number of lines in the file and the percent of the file above the last displayed line. .IP \- Followed by one of the command line option letters (see OPTIONS below), this will change the setting of that option and print a message describing the new setting. If a ^P (CONTROL-P) is entered immediately after the dash, the setting of the option is changed but no message is printed. If the option letter has a numeric value (such as -b or -h), or a string value (such as -P or -t), a new value may be entered after the option letter. If no new value is entered, a message describing the current setting is printed and nothing is changed. .IP \-\- Like the \- command, but takes a long option name (see OPTIONS below) rather than a single option letter. You must press RETURN after typing the option name. A ^P immediately after the second dash suppresses printing of a message describing the new setting, as in the \- command. .IP \-+ Followed by one of the command line option letters this will reset the option to its default setting and print a message describing the new setting. (The "\-+\fIX\fP" command does the same thing as "\-+\fIX\fP" on the command line.) This does not work for string-valued options. .IP \-\-+ Like the \-+ command, but takes a long option name rather than a single option letter. .IP \-! Followed by one of the command line option letters, this will reset the option to the "opposite" of its default setting and print a message describing the new setting. This does not work for numeric or string-valued options. .IP \-\-! Like the \-! command, but takes a long option name rather than a single option letter. .IP _ (Underscore.) Followed by one of the command line option letters, this will print a message describing the current setting of that option. The setting of the option is not changed. .IP __ (Double underscore.) Like the _ (underscore) command, but takes a long option name rather than a single option letter. You must press RETURN after typing the option name. .IP +cmd Causes the specified cmd to be executed each time a new file is examined. For example, +G causes .I less to initially display each file starting at the end rather than the beginning. .IP V Prints the version number of .I less being run. .IP "q or Q or :q or :Q or ZZ" Exits .I less. .PP The following four commands may or may not be valid, depending on your particular installation. .PP .IP v Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. The editor is taken from the environment variable VISUAL if defined, or EDITOR if VISUAL is not defined, or defaults to "vi" if neither VISUAL nor EDITOR is defined. See also the discussion of LESSEDIT under the section on PROMPTS below. .IP "! shell-command" Invokes a shell to run the shell-command given. A percent sign (%) in the command is replaced by the name of the current file. A pound sign (#) is replaced by the name of the previously examined file. "!!" repeats the last shell command. "!" with no shell command simply invokes a shell. On Unix systems, the shell is taken from the environment variable SHELL, or defaults to "sh". On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, the shell is the normal command processor. .IP "| shell-command" represents any mark letter. Pipes a section of the input file to the given shell command. The section of the file to be piped is between the first line on the current screen and the position marked by the letter. may also be ^ or $ to indicate beginning or end of file respectively. If is . or newline, the current screen is piped. .IP "s filename" Save the input to a file. This only works if the input is a pipe, not an ordinary file. .PP .SH OPTIONS Command line options are described below. Most options may be changed while .I less is running, via the "\-" command. .PP Most options may be given in one of two forms: either a dash followed by a single letter, or two dashes followed by a long option name. A long option name may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is unambiguous. For example, --quit-at-eof may be abbreviated --quit, but not --qui, since both --quit-at-eof and --quiet begin with --qui. Some long option names are in uppercase, such as --QUIT-AT-EOF, as distinct from --quit-at-eof. Such option names need only have their first letter capitalized; the remainder of the name may be in either case. For example, --Quit-at-eof is equivalent to --QUIT-AT-EOF. .PP Options are also taken from the environment variable "LESS". For example, to avoid typing "less -options ..." each time .I less is invoked, you might tell .I csh: .sp setenv LESS "-options" .sp or if you use .I sh: .sp LESS="-options"; export LESS .sp On MS-DOS, you don't need the quotes, but you should replace any percent signs in the options string by double percent signs. .sp The environment variable is parsed before the command line, so command line options override the LESS environment variable. If an option appears in the LESS variable, it can be reset to its default value on the command line by beginning the command line option with "\-+". .sp For options like -P or -D which take a following string, a dollar sign ($) must be used to signal the end of the string. For example, to set two -D options on MS-DOS, you must have a dollar sign between them, like this: .sp LESS="-Dn9.1$-Ds4.1" .sp .IP "-? or --help" This option displays a summary of the commands accepted by .I less (the same as the h command). (Depending on how your shell interprets the question mark, it may be necessary to quote the question mark, thus: "-\\?".) .IP "-a or --search-skip-screen" Causes searches to start after the last line displayed on the screen, thus skipping all lines displayed on the screen. By default, searches start at the second line on the screen (or after the last found line; see the -j option). .IP "-b\fIn\fP or --buffers=\fIn\fP" Specifies the number of buffers .I less will use for each file. Buffers are 1K, and by default 10 buffers are used for each file (except if the file is a pipe; see the -B option). The number \fIn\fP specifies a different number of buffers to use. .IP "-B or --auto-buffers" By default, when data is read from a pipe, buffers are allocated automatically as needed. If a large amount of data is read from the pipe, this can cause a large amount of memory to be allocated. The -B option disables this automatic allocation of buffers for pipes, so that only the number of buffers specified by the -b option are used. Warning: use of -B can result in erroneous display, since only the most recently viewed part of the file is kept in memory; any earlier data is lost. .IP "-c or --clear-screen" Causes full screen repaints to be painted from the top line down. By default, full screen repaints are done by scrolling from the bottom of the screen. .IP "-C or --CLEAR-SCREEN" The -C option is like -c, but the screen is cleared before it is repainted. .IP "-d or --dumb" The -d option suppresses the error message normally displayed if the terminal is dumb; that is, lacks some important capability, such as the ability to clear the screen or scroll backward. The -d option does not otherwise change the behavior of .I less on a dumb terminal). .IP "-D\fBx\fP\fIcolor\fP or --color=\fBx\fP\fIcolor\fP" [MS-DOS only] Sets the color of the text displayed. \fBx\fP is a single character which selects the type of text whose color is being set: n=normal, s=standout, d=bold, u=underlined, k=blink. \fIcolor\fP is a pair of numbers separated by a period. The first number selects the foreground color and the second selects the background color of the text. A single number \fIN\fP is the same as \fIN.0\fP. .IP "-e or --quit-at-eof" Causes .I less to automatically exit the second time it reaches end-of-file. By default, the only way to exit .I less is via the "q" command. .IP "-E or --QUIT-AT-EOF" Causes .I less to automatically exit the first time it reaches end-of-file. .IP "-f or --force" Forces non-regular files to be opened. (A non-regular file is a directory or a device special file.) Also suppresses the warning message when a binary file is opened. By default, .I less will refuse to open non-regular files. .IP "-F or --quit-if-one-screen" Causes .I less to automatically exit if the entire file can be displayed on the first screen. .IP "-g or --hilite-search" Normally, .I less will highlight ALL strings which match the last search command. The -g option changes this behavior to highlight only the particular string which was found by the last search command. This can cause .I less to run somewhat faster than the default. .IP "-G or --HILITE-SEARCH" The -G option suppresses all highlighting of strings found by search commands. .IP "-h\fIn\fP or ---max-back-scroll=\fIn\fP" Specifies a maximum number of lines to scroll backward. If it is necessary to scroll backward more than \fIn\fP lines, the screen is repainted in a forward direction instead. (If the terminal does not have the ability to scroll backward, -h0 is implied.) .IP "-i or --ignore-case" Causes searches to ignore case; that is, uppercase and lowercase are considered identical. This option is ignored if any uppercase letters appear in the search pattern; in other words, if a pattern contains uppercase letters, then that search does not ignore case. .IP "-I or --IGNORE-CASE" Like -i, but searches ignore case even if the pattern contains uppercase letters. .IP "-j\fIn\fP or --jump-target=\fIn\fP" Specifies a line on the screen where the "target" line is to be positioned. A target line is the object of a text search, tag search, jump to a line number, jump to a file percentage, or jump to a marked position. The screen line is specified by a number: the top line on the screen is 1, the next is 2, and so on. The number may be negative to specify a line relative to the bottom of the screen: the bottom line on the screen is -1, the second to the bottom is -2, and so on. If the -j option is used, searches begin at the line immediately after the target line. For example, if "-j4" is used, the target line is the fourth line on the screen, so searches begin at the fifth line on the screen. .IP "-J or --status-column" Displays a status column at the left edge of the screen. The status column is used only if the -w or -W option is in effect. .IP "-k\fIfilename\fP or --lesskey-file=\fIfilename\fP" Causes .I less to open and interpret the named file as a .I lesskey (1) file. Multiple -k options may be specified. If the LESSKEY or LESSKEY_SYSTEM environment variable is set, or if a lesskey file is found in a standard place (see KEY BINDINGS), it is also used as a .I lesskey file. .IP "-m or --long-prompt" Causes .I less to prompt verbosely (like \fImore\fP), with the percent into the file. By default, .I less prompts with a colon. .IP "-M or --LONG-PROMPT" Causes .I less to prompt even more verbosely than .I more. .IP "-n or --line-numbers" Suppresses line numbers. The default (to use line numbers) may cause .I less to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file. Suppressing line numbers with the -n option will avoid this problem. Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the verbose prompt and in the = command, and the v command will pass the current line number to the editor (see also the discussion of LESSEDIT in PROMPTS below). .IP "-N or --LINE-NUMBERS" Causes a line number to be displayed at the beginning of each line in the display. .IP "-o\fIfilename\fP or --log-file=\fIfilename\fP" Causes .I less to copy its input to the named file as it is being viewed. This applies only when the input file is a pipe, not an ordinary file. If the file already exists, .I less will ask for confirmation before overwriting it. .IP "-O\fIfilename\fP or --LOG-FILE=\fIfilename\fP" The -O option is like -o, but it will overwrite an existing file without asking for confirmation. .sp If no log file has been specified, the -o and -O options can be used from within .I less to specify a log file. Without a file name, they will simply report the name of the log file. The "s" command is equivalent to specifying -o from within .I less. .IP "-p\fIpattern\fP or --pattern=\fIpattern\fP" The -p option on the command line is equivalent to specifying +/\fIpattern\fP; that is, it tells .I less to start at the first occurrence of \fIpattern\fP in the file. .IP "-P\fIprompt\fP or --prompt=\fIprompt\fP" Provides a way to tailor the three prompt styles to your own preference. This option would normally be put in the LESS environment variable, rather than being typed in with each .I less command. Such an option must either be the last option in the LESS variable, or be terminated by a dollar sign. -Ps followed by a string changes the default (short) prompt to that string. -Pm changes the medium (-m) prompt. -PM changes the long (-M) prompt. -Ph changes the prompt for the help screen. -P= changes the message printed by the = command. All prompt strings consist of a sequence of letters and special escape sequences. See the section on PROMPTS for more details. .IP "-q or --quiet or --silent" Causes moderately "quiet" operation: the terminal bell is not rung if an attempt is made to scroll past the end of the file or before the beginning of the file. If the terminal has a "visual bell", it is used instead. The bell will be rung on certain other errors, such as typing an invalid character. The default is to ring the terminal bell in all such cases. .IP "-Q or --QUIET or --SILENT" Causes totally "quiet" operation: the terminal bell is never rung. .IP "-r or --raw-control-chars" Causes "raw" control characters to be displayed. The default is to display control characters using the caret notation; for example, a control-A (octal 001) is displayed as "^A". Warning: when the -r option is used, .I less cannot keep track of the actual appearance of the screen (since this depends on how the screen responds to each type of control character). Thus, various display problems may result, such as long lines being split in the wrong place. .IP "-R or --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS" Like -r, but tries to keep track of the screen appearance where possible. This works only if the input consists of normal text and possibly some ANSI "color" escape sequences, which are sequences of the form: .sp ESC [ ... m .sp where the "..." is zero or more characters other than "m". For the purpose of keeping track of screen appearance, all control characters and all ANSI color escape sequences are assumed to not move the cursor. You can make .I less think that characters other than "m" can end ANSI color escape sequences by setting the environment variable LESSANSIENDCHARS to the list of characters which can end a color escape sequence. .IP "-s or --squeeze-blank-lines" Causes consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line. This is useful when viewing .I nroff output. .IP "-S or --chop-long-lines" Causes lines longer than the screen width to be chopped rather than folded. That is, the remainder of a long line is simply discarded. The default is to fold long lines; that is, display the remainder on the next line. .IP "-t\fItag\fP or --tag=\fItag\fP" The -t option, followed immediately by a TAG, will edit the file containing that tag. For this to work, there must be a file called "tags" in the current directory, which was previously built by the .I ctags (1) command. This option may also be specified from within .I less (using the \- command) as a way of examining a new file. The command ":t" is equivalent to specifying -t from within .I less. .IP "-T\fItagsfile\fP or --tag-file=\fItagsfile\fP" Specifies a tags file to be used instead of "tags". .IP "-u or --underline-special" Causes backspaces and carriage returns to be treated as printable characters; that is, they are sent to the terminal when they appear in the input. .IP "-U or --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL" Causes backspaces, tabs and carriage returns to be treated as control characters; that is, they are handled as specified by the -r option. .sp By default, if neither -u nor -U is given, backspaces which appear adjacent to an underscore character are treated specially: the underlined text is displayed using the terminal's hardware underlining capability. Also, backspaces which appear between two identical characters are treated specially: the overstruck text is printed using the terminal's hardware boldface capability. Other backspaces are deleted, along with the preceding character. Carriage returns immediately followed by a newline are deleted. other carriage returns are handled as specified by the -r option. Text which is overstruck or underlined can be searched for if neither -u nor -U is in effect. .IP "-V or --version" Displays the version number of .I less. .IP "-w or --hilite-unread" Temporarily highlights the first "new" line after a forward movement of a full page. The first "new" line is the line immediately following the line previously at the bottom of the screen. Also highlights the target line after a g or p command. The highlight is removed at the next command which causes movement. The entire line is highlighted, unless the -J option is in effect, in which case only the status column is highlighted. .IP "-W or --HILITE-UNREAD" Like -w, but temporarily highlights the first new line after any forward movement command larger than one line. .IP "-x\fIn\fP or --tabs=\fIn\fP" Sets tab stops every \fIn\fP positions. The default for \fIn\fP is 8. .IP "-X or --no-init" Disables sending the termcap initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal. This is sometimes desirable if the deinitialization string does something unnecessary, like clearing the screen. .IP "-y\fIn\fP or --max-forw-scroll=\fIn\fP" Specifies a maximum number of lines to scroll forward. If it is necessary to scroll forward more than \fIn\fP lines, the screen is repainted instead. The -c or -C option may be used to repaint from the top of the screen if desired. By default, any forward movement causes scrolling. .IP "-[z]\fIn\fP or --window=\fIn\fP" Changes the default scrolling window size to \fIn\fP lines. The default is one screenful. The z and w commands can also be used to change the window size. The "z" may be omitted for compatibility with .I more. If the number .I n is negative, it indicates .I n lines less than the current screen size. For example, if the screen is 24 lines, \fI-z-4\fP sets the scrolling window to 20 lines. If the screen is resized to 40 lines, the scrolling window automatically changes to 36 lines. .IP -"\fIcc\fP\ or\ --quotes=\fIcc\fP Changes the filename quoting character. This may be necessary if you are trying to name a file which contains both spaces and quote characters. Followed by a single character, this changes the quote character to that character. Filenames containing a space should then be surrounded by that character rather than by double quotes. Followed by two characters, changes the open quote to the first character, and the close quote to the second character. Filenames containing a space should then be preceded by the open quote character and followed by the close quote character. Note that even after the quote characters are changed, this option remains -" (a dash followed by a double quote). .IP "-~ or --tilde" Normally lines after end of file are displayed as a single tilde (~). This option causes lines after end of file to be displayed as blank lines. .IP "-# or --shift" Specifies the default number of positions to scroll horizontally in the RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands. If the number specified is zero, it sets the default number of positions to one half of the screen width. .IP -- A command line argument of "--" marks the end of option arguments. Any arguments following this are interpreted as filenames. This can be useful when viewing a file whose name begins with a "-" or "+". .IP + If a command line option begins with \fB+\fP, the remainder of that option is taken to be an initial command to .I less. For example, +G tells .I less to start at the end of the file rather than the beginning, and +/xyz tells it to start at the first occurrence of "xyz" in the file. As a special case, + acts like +g; that is, it starts the display at the specified line number (however, see the caveat under the "g" command above). If the option starts with ++, the initial command applies to every file being viewed, not just the first one. The + command described previously may also be used to set (or change) an initial command for every file. .SH "LINE EDITING" When entering command line at the bottom of the screen (for example, a filename for the :e command, or the pattern for a search command), certain keys can be used to manipulate the command line. Most commands have an alternate form in [ brackets ] which can be used if a key does not exist on a particular keyboard. (The bracketed forms do not work in the MS-DOS version.) Any of these special keys may be entered literally by preceding it with the "literal" character, either ^V or ^A. A backslash itself may also be entered literally by entering two backslashes. .IP "LEFTARROW [ ESC-h ]" Move the cursor one space to the left. .IP "RIGHTARROW [ ESC-l ]" Move the cursor one space to the right. .IP "^LEFTARROW [ ESC-b or ESC-LEFTARROW ]" (That is, CONTROL and LEFTARROW simultaneously.) Move the cursor one word to the left. .IP "^RIGHTARROW [ ESC-w or ESC-RIGHTARROW ]" (That is, CONTROL and RIGHTARROW simultaneously.) Move the cursor one word to the right. .IP "HOME [ ESC-0 ]" Move the cursor to the beginning of the line. .IP "END [ ESC-$ ]" Move the cursor to the end of the line. .IP "BACKSPACE" Delete the character to the left of the cursor, or cancel the command if the command line is empty. .IP "DELETE or [ ESC-x ]" Delete the character under the cursor. .IP "^BACKSPACE [ ESC-BACKSPACE ]" (That is, CONTROL and BACKSPACE simultaneously.) Delete the word to the left of the cursor. .IP "^DELETE [ ESC-X or ESC-DELETE ]" (That is, CONTROL and DELETE simultaneously.) Delete the word under the cursor. .IP "UPARROW [ ESC-k ]" Retrieve the previous command line. .IP "DOWNARROW [ ESC-j ]" Retrieve the next command line. .IP "TAB" Complete the partial filename to the left of the cursor. If it matches more than one filename, the first match is entered into the command line. Repeated TABs will cycle thru the other matching filenames. If the completed filename is a directory, a "/" is appended to the filename. (On MS-DOS systems, a "\\" is appended.) The environment variable LESSSEPARATOR can be used to specify a different character to append to a directory name. .IP "BACKTAB [ ESC-TAB ]" Like, TAB, but cycles in the reverse direction thru the matching filenames. .IP "^L" Complete the partial filename to the left of the cursor. If it matches more than one filename, all matches are entered into the command line (if they fit). .IP "^U (Unix) or ESC (MS-DOS)" Delete the entire command line, or cancel the command if the command line is empty. If you have changed your line-kill character in Unix to something other than ^U, that character is used instead of ^U. .SH "KEY BINDINGS" You may define your own .I less commands by using the program .I lesskey (1) to create a lesskey file. This file specifies a set of command keys and an action associated with each key. You may also use .I lesskey to change the line-editing keys (see LINE EDITING), and to set environment variables. If the environment variable LESSKEY is set, .I less uses that as the name of the lesskey file. Otherwise, .I less looks in a standard place for the lesskey file: On Unix systems, .I less looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/.less". On MS-DOS and Windows systems, .I less looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/_less", and if it is not found there, then looks for a lesskey file called "_less" in any directory specified in the PATH environment variable. On OS/2 systems, .I less looks for a lesskey file called "$HOME/less.ini", and if it is not found, then looks for a lesskey file called "less.ini" in any directory specified in the INIT environment variable, and if it not found there, then looks for a lesskey file called "less.ini" in any directory specified in the PATH environment variable. See the .I lesskey manual page for more details. .P A system-wide lesskey file may also be set up to provide key bindings. If a key is defined in both a local lesskey file and in the system-wide file, key bindings in the local file take precedence over those in the system-wide file. If the environment variable LESSKEY_SYSTEM is set, .I less uses that as the name of the system-wide lesskey file. Otherwise, .I less looks in a standard place for the system-wide lesskey file: On Unix systems, the system-wide lesskey file is /usr/local/bin/.sysless. (However, if .I less was built with a different binary directory than /usr/local/bin, that directory is where the .sysless file is found.) On MS-DOS and Windows systems, the system-wide lesskey file is c:\\_sysless. On OS/2 systems, the system-wide lesskey file is c:\\sysless.ini. .SH "INPUT PREPROCESSOR" You may define an "input preprocessor" for .I less. Before .I less opens a file, it first gives your input preprocessor a chance to modify the way the contents of the file are displayed. An input preprocessor is simply an executable program (or shell script), which writes the contents of the file to a different file, called the replacement file. The contents of the replacement file are then displayed in place of the contents of the original file. However, it will appear to the user as if the original file is opened; that is, .I less will display the original filename as the name of the current file. .PP An input preprocessor receives one command line argument, the original filename, as entered by the user. It should create the replacement file, and when finished, print the name of the replacement file to its standard output. If the input preprocessor does not output a replacement filename, .I less uses the original file, as normal. The input preprocessor is not called when viewing standard input. To set up an input preprocessor, set the LESSOPEN environment variable to a command line which will invoke your input preprocessor. This command line should include one occurrence of the string "%s", which will be replaced by the filename when the input preprocessor command is invoked. .PP When .I less closes a file opened in such a way, it will call another program, called the input postprocessor, which may perform any desired clean-up action (such as deleting the replacement file created by LESSOPEN). This program receives two command line arguments, the original filename as entered by the user, and the name of the replacement file. To set up an input postprocessor, set the LESSCLOSE environment variable to a command line which will invoke your input postprocessor. It may include two occurrences of the string "%s"; the first is replaced with the original name of the file and the second with the name of the replacement file, which was output by LESSOPEN. .PP For example, on many Unix systems, these two scripts will allow you to keep files in compressed format, but still let .I less view them directly: .PP lessopen.sh: .br #! /bin/sh .br case "$1" in .br *.Z) uncompress -c $1 >/tmp/less.$$ 2>/dev/null .br if [ -s /tmp/less.$$ ]; then .br echo /tmp/less.$$ .br else .br rm -f /tmp/less.$$ .br fi .br ;; .br esac .PP lessclose.sh: .br #! /bin/sh .br rm $2 .PP To use these scripts, put them both where they can be executed and set LESSOPEN="lessopen.sh\ %s", and LESSCLOSE="lessclose.sh\ %s\ %s". More complex LESSOPEN and LESSCLOSE scripts may be written to accept other types of compressed files, and so on. .PP It is also possible to set up an input preprocessor to pipe the file data directly to .I less, rather than putting the data into a replacement file. This avoids the need to decompress the entire file before starting to view it. An input preprocessor that works this way is called an input pipe. An input pipe, instead of writing the name of a replacement file on its standard output, writes the entire contents of the replacement file on its standard output. If the input pipe does not write any characters on its standard output, then there is no replacement file and .I less uses the original file, as normal. To use an input pipe, make the first character in the LESSOPEN environment variable a vertical bar (|) to signify that the input preprocessor is an input pipe. .PP For example, on many Unix systems, this script will work like the previous example scripts: .PP lesspipe.sh: .br #! /bin/sh .br case "$1" in .br *.Z) uncompress -c $1 2>/dev/null .br ;; .br esac .br .PP To use this script, put it where it can be executed and set LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s". When an input pipe is used, a LESSCLOSE postprocessor can be used, but it is usually not necessary since there is no replacement file to clean up. In this case, the replacement file name passed to the LESSCLOSE postprocessor is "-". .SH "NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS" There are three types of characters in the input file: .IP "normal characters" can be displayed directly to the screen. .IP "control characters" should not be displayed directly, but are expected to be found in ordinary text files (such as backspace and tab). .IP "binary characters" should not be displayed directly and are not expected to be found in text files. .PP A "character set" is simply a description of which characters are to be considered normal, control, and binary. The LESSCHARSET environment variable may be used to select a character set. Possible values for LESSCHARSET are: .IP ascii BS, TAB, NL, CR, and formfeed are control characters, all chars with values between 32 and 126 are normal, and all others are binary. .IP iso8859 Selects an ISO 8859 character set. This is the same as ASCII, except characters between 160 and 255 are treated as normal characters. .IP latin1 Same as iso8859. .IP dos Selects a character set appropriate for MS-DOS. .IP ebcdic Selects an EBCDIC character set. .IP koi8-r Selects a Russian character set. .IP next Selects a character set appropriate for NeXT computers. .IP utf-8 Selects the UTF-8 encoding of the ISO 10646 character set. .PP If the LESSCHARSET environment variable is not set, the default character set is latin1. However, if the string "UTF-8" is found in the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE or LANG environment variables, then the default character set is utf-8 instead. .PP In special cases, it may be desired to tailor .I less to use a character set other than the ones definable by LESSCHARSET. In this case, the environment variable LESSCHARDEF can be used to define a character set. It should be set to a string where each character in the string represents one character in the character set. The character "." is used for a normal character, "c" for control, and "b" for binary. A decimal number may be used for repetition. For example, "bccc4b." would mean character 0 is binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are binary, and 8 is normal. All characters after the last are taken to be the same as the last, so characters 9 through 255 would be normal. (This is an example, and does not necessarily represent any real character set.) .PP This table shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equivalent to each of the possible values for LESSCHARSET: .sp ascii\ 8bcccbcc18b95.b .br dos\ \ \ 8bcccbcc12bc5b95.b. .br ebcdic 5bc6bcc7bcc41b.9b7.9b5.b..8b6.10b6.b9.7b .br \ \ \ \ \ \ 9.8b8.17b3.3b9.7b9.8b8.6b10.b.b.b. .br iso8859 8bcccbcc18b95.33b. .br koi8-r 8bcccbcc18b95.b128. .br latin1 8bcccbcc18b95.33b. .br next\ \ 8bcccbcc18b95.bb125.bb .PP If neither LESSCHARSET nor LESSCHARDEF is set, but your system supports the .I setlocale interface, .I less will use setlocale to determine the character set. setlocale is controlled by setting the LANG or LC_CTYPE environment variables. .PP Control and binary characters are displayed in standout (reverse video). Each such character is displayed in caret notation if possible (e.g. ^A for control-A). Caret notation is used only if inverting the 0100 bit results in a normal printable character. Otherwise, the character is displayed as a hex number in angle brackets. This format can be changed by setting the LESSBINFMT environment variable. LESSBINFMT may begin with a "*" and one character to select the display attribute: "*k" is blinking, "*d" is bold, "*u" is underlined, "*s" is standout, and "*n" is normal. If LESSBINFMT does not begin with a "*", normal attribute is assumed. The remainder of LESSBINFMT is a string which may include one printf-style escape sequence (a % followed by x, X, o, d, etc.). For example, if LESSBINFMT is "*u[%x]", binary characters are displayed in underlined hexadecimal surrounded by brackets. The default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is "*s<%X>". .SH "PROMPTS" The -P option allows you to tailor the prompt to your preference. The string given to the -P option replaces the specified prompt string. Certain characters in the string are interpreted specially. The prompt mechanism is rather complicated to provide flexibility, but the ordinary user need not understand the details of constructing personalized prompt strings. .sp A percent sign followed by a single character is expanded according to what the following character is: .IP "%b\fIX\fP" Replaced by the byte offset into the current input file. The b is followed by a single character (shown as \fIX\fP above) which specifies the line whose byte offset is to be used. If the character is a "t", the byte offset of the top line in the display is used, an "m" means use the middle line, a "b" means use the bottom line, a "B" means use the line just after the bottom line, and a "j" means use the "target" line, as specified by the -j option. .IP "%B" Replaced by the size of the current input file. .IP "%c" Replaced by the column number of the text appearing in the first column of the screen. .IP "%d\fIX\fP" Replaced by the page number of a line in the input file. The line to be used is determined by the \fIX\fP, as with the %b option. .IP "%D" Replaced by the number of pages in the input file, or equivalently, the page number of the last line in the input file. .IP "%E" Replaced by the name of the editor (from the VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable if VISUAL is not defined). See the discussion of the LESSEDIT feature below. .IP "%f" Replaced by the name of the current input file. .IP "%i" Replaced by the index of the current file in the list of input files. .IP "%l\fIX\fP" Replaced by the line number of a line in the input file. The line to be used is determined by the \fIX\fP, as with the %b option. .IP "%L" Replaced by the line number of the last line in the input file. .IP "%m" Replaced by the total number of input files. .IP "%p\fIX\fP" Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets. The line used is determined by the \fIX\fP as with the %b option. .IP "%P\fIX\fP" Replaced by the percent into the current input file, based on line numbers. The line used is determined by the \fIX\fP as with the %b option. .IP "%s" Same as %B. .IP "%t" Causes any trailing spaces to be removed. Usually used at the end of the string, but may appear anywhere. .IP "%x" Replaced by the name of the next input file in the list. .PP If any item is unknown (for example, the file size if input is a pipe), a question mark is printed instead. .PP The format of the prompt string can be changed depending on certain conditions. A question mark followed by a single character acts like an "IF": depending on the following character, a condition is evaluated. If the condition is true, any characters following the question mark and condition character, up to a period, are included in the prompt. If the condition is false, such characters are not included. A colon appearing between the question mark and the period can be used to establish an "ELSE": any characters between the colon and the period are included in the string if and only if the IF condition is false. Condition characters (which follow a question mark) may be: .IP "?a" True if any characters have been included in the prompt so far. .IP "?b\fIX\fP" True if the byte offset of the specified line is known. .IP "?B" True if the size of current input file is known. .IP "?c" True if the text is horizontally shifted (%c is not zero). .IP "?d\fIX\fP" True if the page number of the specified line is known. .IP "?e" True if at end-of-file. .IP "?f" True if there is an input filename (that is, if input is not a pipe). .IP "?l\fIX\fP" True if the line number of the specified line is known. .IP "?L" True if the line number of the last line in the file is known. .IP "?m" True if there is more than one input file. .IP "?n" True if this is the first prompt in a new input file. .IP "?p\fIX\fP" True if the percent into the current input file, based on byte offsets, of the specified line is known. .IP "?P\fIX\fP" True if the percent into the current input file, based on line numbers, of the specified line is known. .IP "?s" Same as "?B". .IP "?x" True if there is a next input file (that is, if the current input file is not the last one). .PP Any characters other than the special ones (question mark, colon, period, percent, and backslash) become literally part of the prompt. Any of the special characters may be included in the prompt literally by preceding it with a backslash. .PP Some examples: .sp ?f%f:Standard input. .sp This prompt prints the filename, if known; otherwise the string "Standard input". .sp ?f%f .?ltLine %lt:?pt%pt\\%:?btByte %bt:-... .sp This prompt would print the filename, if known. The filename is followed by the line number, if known, otherwise the percent if known, otherwise the byte offset if known. Otherwise, a dash is printed. Notice how each question mark has a matching period, and how the % after the %pt is included literally by escaping it with a backslash. .sp ?n?f%f\ .?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ ..?e(END)\ ?x-\ Next\\:\ %x..%t .sp This prints the filename if this is the first prompt in a file, followed by the "file N of N" message if there is more than one input file. Then, if we are at end-of-file, the string "(END)" is printed followed by the name of the next file, if there is one. Finally, any trailing spaces are truncated. This is the default prompt. For reference, here are the defaults for the other two prompts (-m and -M respectively). Each is broken into two lines here for readability only. .nf .sp ?n?f%f\ .?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ ..?e(END)\ ?x-\ Next\\:\ %x.: ?pB%pB\\%:byte\ %bB?s/%s...%t .sp ?f%f\ .?n?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ ..?ltlines\ %lt-%lb?L/%L.\ : byte\ %bB?s/%s.\ .?e(END)\ ?x-\ Next\\:\ %x.:?pB%pB\\%..%t .sp .fi And here is the default message produced by the = command: .nf .sp ?f%f\ .?m(file\ %i\ of\ %m)\ .?ltlines\ %lt-%lb?L/%L.\ . byte\ %bB?s/%s.\ ?e(END)\ :?pB%pB\\%..%t .fi .PP The prompt expansion features are also used for another purpose: if an environment variable LESSEDIT is defined, it is used as the command to be executed when the v command is invoked. The LESSEDIT string is expanded in the same way as the prompt strings. The default value for LESSEDIT is: .nf .sp %E\ ?lm+%lm.\ %f .sp .fi Note that this expands to the editor name, followed by a + and the line number, followed by the file name. If your editor does not accept the "+linenumber" syntax, or has other differences in invocation syntax, the LESSEDIT variable can be changed to modify this default. .SH SECURITY When the environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, .I less runs in a "secure" mode. This means these features are disabled: .RS .IP "!" the shell command .IP "|" the pipe command .IP ":e" the examine command. .IP "v" the editing command .IP "s -o" log files .IP "-k" use of lesskey files .IP "-t" use of tags files .IP " " metacharacters in filenames, such as * .IP " " filename completion (TAB, ^L) .RE .PP Less can also be compiled to be permanently in "secure" mode. .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" Environment variables may be specified either in the system environment as usual, or in a .I lesskey (1) file. If environment variables are defined in more than one place, variables defined in a local lesskey file take precedence over variables defined in the system environment, which take precedence over variables defined in the system-wide lesskey file. .IP COLUMNS Sets the number of columns on the screen. Takes precedence over the number of columns specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the window system's idea of the screen size takes precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.) .IP EDITOR The name of the editor (used for the v command). .IP HOME Name of the user's home directory (used to find a lesskey file on Unix systems). .IP "HOMEDRIVE, HOMEPATH" Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment variables is the name of the user's home directory if the HOME variable is not set (only in the Windows version). .IP INIT Name of the user's init directory (used to find a lesskey file on OS/2 systems). .IP LANG Language for determining the character set. .IP LC_CTYPE Language for determining the character set. .IP LESS Options which are passed to .I less automatically. .IP LESSANSIENDCHARS Characters which are assumed to end an ANSI color escape sequence (default "m"). .IP LESSBINFMT Format for displaying non-printable, non-control characters. .IP LESSCHARDEF Defines a character set. .IP LESSCHARSET Selects a predefined character set. .IP LESSCLOSE Command line to invoke the (optional) input-postprocessor. .IP LESSECHO Name of the lessecho program (default "lessecho"). The lessecho program is needed to expand metacharacters, such as * and ?, in filenames on Unix systems. .IP LESSEDIT Editor prototype string (used for the v command). See discussion under PROMPTS. .IP LESSKEY Name of the default lesskey(1) file. .IP LESSKEY_SYSTEM Name of the default system-wide lesskey(1) file. .IP LESSMETACHARS List of characters which are considered "metacharacters" by the shell. .IP LESSMETAESCAPE Prefix which less will add before each metacharacter in a command sent to the shell. If LESSMETAESCAPE is an empty string, commands containing metacharacters will not be passed to the shell. .IP LESSOPEN Command line to invoke the (optional) input-preprocessor. .IP LESSSECURE Runs less in "secure" mode. See discussion under SECURITY. .IP LESSSEPARATOR String to be appended to a directory name in filename completion. .IP LINES Sets the number of lines on the screen. Takes precedence over the number of lines specified by the TERM variable. (But if you have a windowing system which supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the window system's idea of the screen size takes precedence over the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables.) .IP PATH User's search path (used to find a lesskey file on MS-DOS and OS/2 systems). .IP SHELL The shell used to execute the ! command, as well as to expand filenames. .IP TERM The type of terminal on which .I less is being run. .IP VISUAL The name of the editor (used for the v command). .SH "SEE ALSO" lesskey(1) .SH WARNINGS The = command and prompts (unless changed by -P) report the line numbers of the lines at the top and bottom of the screen, but the byte and percent of the line after the one at the bottom of the screen. .PP If the :e command is used to name more than one file, and one of the named files has been viewed previously, the new files may be entered into the list in an unexpected order. .PP On certain older terminals (the so-called "magic cookie" terminals), search highlighting will cause an erroneous display. On such terminals, search highlighting is disabled by default to avoid possible problems. .PP In certain cases, when search highlighting is enabled and a search pattern begins with a ^, more text than the matching string may be highlighted. (This problem does not occur when less is compiled to use the POSIX regular expression package.) .PP On some systems, .I setlocale claims that ASCII characters 0 thru 31 are control characters rather than binary characters. This causes .I less to treat some binary files as ordinary, non-binary files. To workaround this problem, set the environment variable LESSCHARSET to "ascii" (or whatever character set is appropriate). .PP See http://www.flash.net/~marknu/less for the latest list of known bugs in this version of less. .SH COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) 2000 Mark Nudelman .PP less is part of the GNU project and is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either (1) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; or (2) the Less License. See the file README in the less distribution for more details regarding redistribution. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the source for less; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. You should also have received a copy of the Less License; see the file LICENSE. .PP less is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. .SH AUTHOR .PP Mark Nudelman .br Send bug reports or comments to the above address or to bug-less@gnu.org. less/less-RUN/opt/less/man/man1/lesskey.1010064400000000000003000000224640717240260300167220ustar000300000000000000.TH LESSKEY 1 "Version 358: 08 Jul 2000" .SH NAME lesskey \- specify key bindings for less .SH SYNOPSIS .B "lesskey [-o output] [--] [input]" .br .B "lesskey [--output=output] [--] [input]" .br .B "lesskey -V" .br .B "lesskey --version" .SH DESCRIPTION .I Lesskey is used to specify a set of key bindings to be used by .I less. The input file is a text file which describes the key bindings, If the input file is "-", standard input is read. If no input file is specified, a standard filename is used as the name of the input file, which depends on the system being used: On Unix systems, $HOME/.lesskey is used; on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_lesskey is used; and on OS/2 systems $HOME/lesskey.ini is used, or $INIT/lesskey.ini if $HOME is undefined. The output file is a binary file which is used by .I less. If no output file is specified, and the environment variable LESSKEY is set, the value of LESSKEY is used as the name of the output file. Otherwise, a standard filename is used as the name of the output file, which depends on the system being used: On Unix and OS-9 systems, $HOME/.less is used; on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_less is used; and on OS/2 systems, $HOME/less.ini is used, or $INIT/less.ini if $HOME is undefined. If the output file already exists, .I lesskey will overwrite it. .PP The -V or --version option causes .I lesskey to print its version number and immediately exit. If -V or --version is present, other options and arguments are ignored. .PP The input file consists of one or more .I sections. Each section starts with a line that identifies the type of section. Possible sections are: .IP #command Defines new command keys. .IP #line-edit Defines new line-editing keys. .IP #env Defines environment variables. .PP Blank lines and lines which start with a pound sign (#) are ignored, except for the special section header lines. .SH "COMMAND SECTION" The command section begins with the line .sp #command .sp If the command section is the first section in the file, this line may be omitted. The command section consists of lines of the form: .sp \fIstring\fP \fIaction\fP [extra-string] .sp Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs. The \fIstring\fP is the command key(s) which invoke the action. The \fIstring\fP may be a single command key, or a sequence of up to 15 keys. The \fIaction\fP is the name of the less action, from the list below. The characters in the \fIstring\fP may appear literally, or be prefixed by a caret to indicate a control key. A backslash followed by one to three octal digits may be used to specify a character by its octal value. A backslash followed by certain characters specifies input characters as follows: .IP \eb BACKSPACE .IP \ee ESCAPE .IP \en NEWLINE .IP \er RETURN .IP \et TAB .IP \eku UP ARROW .IP \ekd DOWN ARROW .IP \ekr RIGHT ARROW .IP \ekl LEFT ARROW .IP \ekU PAGE UP .IP \ekD PAGE DOWN .IP \ekh HOME .IP \eke END .IP \ekx DELETE .PP A backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is to be taken literally. Characters which must be preceded by backslash include caret, space, tab and the backslash itself. .PP An action may be followed by an "extra" string. When such a command is entered while running .I less, the action is performed, and then the extra string is parsed, just as if it were typed in to .I less. This feature can be used in certain cases to extend the functionality of a command. For example, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example below. The extra string has a special meaning for the "quit" action: when .I less quits, first character of the extra string is used as its exit status. .SH EXAMPLE The following input file describes the set of default command keys used by less: .sp .nf #command \er forw-line \en forw-line e forw-line j forw-line \ekd forw-line ^E forw-line ^N forw-line k back-line y back-line ^Y back-line ^K back-line ^P back-line J forw-line-force K back-line-force Y back-line-force d forw-scroll ^D forw-scroll u back-scroll ^U back-scroll \e40 forw-screen f forw-screen ^F forw-screen ^V forw-screen \ekD forw-screen b back-screen ^B back-screen \eev back-screen \ekU back-screen z forw-window w back-window \ee\e40 forw-screen-force F forw-forever R repaint-flush r repaint ^R repaint ^L repaint \eeu undo-hilite g goto-line < goto-line \ee< goto-line p percent % percent \ee[ left-scroll \ee] right-scroll \ee( left-scroll \ee) right-scroll { forw-bracket {} } back-bracket {} ( forw-bracket () ) back-bracket () [ forw-bracket [] ] back-bracket [] \ee^F forw-bracket \ee^B back-bracket G goto-end \ee> goto-end > goto-end = status ^G status :f status / forw-search ? back-search \ee/ forw-search * \ee? back-search * n repeat-search \een repeat-search-all N reverse-search \eeN reverse-search-all m set-mark ' goto-mark ^X^X goto-mark E examine :e examine ^X^V examine :n next-file :p prev-file :x index-file - toggle-option :t toggle-option t s toggle-option o _ display-option | pipe v visual ! shell + firstcmd H help h help V version 0 digit 1 digit 2 digit 3 digit 4 digit 5 digit 6 digit 7 digit 8 digit 9 digit q quit Q quit :q quit :Q quit ZZ quit .fi .sp .SH PRECEDENCE Commands specified by .I lesskey take precedence over the default commands. A default command key may be disabled by including it in the input file with the action "invalid". Alternatively, a key may be defined to do nothing by using the action "noaction". "noaction" is similar to "invalid", but .I less will give an error beep for an "invalid" command, but not for a "noaction" command. In addition, ALL default commands may be disabled by adding this control line to the input file: .sp #stop .sp This will cause all default commands to be ignored. The #stop line should be the last line in that section of the file. .PP Be aware that #stop can be dangerous. Since all default commands are disabled, you must provide sufficient commands before the #stop line to enable all necessary actions. For example, failure to provide a "quit" command can lead to frustration. .SH "LINE EDITING SECTION" The line-editing section begins with the line: .sp #line-edit .sp This section specifies new key bindings for the line editing commands, in a manner similar to the way key bindings for ordinary commands are specified in the #command section. The line-editing section consists of a list of keys and actions, one per line as in the example below. .SH EXAMPLE The following input file describes the set of default line-editing keys used by less: .sp .nf #line-edit \et forw-complete \e17 back-complete \ee\et back-complete ^L expand ^V literal ^A literal \eel right \ekr right \eeh left \ekl left \eeb word-left \ee\ekl word-left \eew word-right \ee\ekr word-right \eei insert \eex delete \ekx delete \eeX word-delete \eekx word-delete \ee\eb word-backspace \ee0 home \ekh home \ee$ end \eke end \eek up \eku up \eej down .fi .sp .SH "LESS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" The environment variable section begins with the line .sp #env .sp Following this line is a list of environment variable assignments. Each line consists of an environment variable name, an equals sign (=) and the value to be assigned to the environment variable. White space before and after the equals sign is ignored. Variables assigned in this way are visible only to .I less. If a variable is specified in the system environment and also in a lesskey file, the value in the lesskey file takes precedence. Although the lesskey file can be used to override variables set in the environment, the main purpose of assigning variables in the lesskey file is simply to have all .I less configuration information stored in one file. .SH EXAMPLE The following input file sets the -i option whenever .I less is run, and specifies the character set to be "latin1": .sp .nf #env LESS = -i LESSCHARSET = latin1 .fi .sp .SH "SEE ALSO" less(1) .SH WARNINGS It is not possible to specify special keys, such as uparrow, in a keyboard-independent manner. The only way to specify such keys is to specify the escape sequence which a particular keyboard sends when such a keys is pressed. .PP On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, certain keys send a sequence of characters which start with a NUL character (0). This NUL character should be represented as \e340 in a lesskey file. .SH COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) 2000 Mark Nudelman .PP lesskey is part of the GNU project and is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. .PP lesskey is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. .PP You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with lesskey; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. .SH AUTHOR .PP Mark Nudelman .br Send bug reports or comments to the above address or to bug-less@gnu.org.